微生物菌剂对黄瓜幼苗生长及基质理化环境的影响  

Effects of microbial agents on the growth of cucumber seedlings and the physicochemical environment of the substrate

作　　者：张萱 杨玉莹 王花 张洁[1] 曹云娥[2] 陈书霞[1] ZHANG Xuan;YANG Yuying;WANG Hua;ZHANG Jie;CAO Yun’e;CHEN Shuxia(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期49-61,共13页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：科技部重大专项子课题(XZ202202YD0002C);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLNY03-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同种类的微生物菌剂对黄瓜幼苗生长及基质理化指标的影响,为黄瓜育苗阶段微生物菌剂的施用提供理论依据。【方法】以‘博耐35B’为试验材料,设置T1(解淀粉芽孢杆菌)、T2(枯草芽孢杆菌)、T3(甲基芽孢杆菌)、T4(胶质芽孢杆菌)、T5(放线菌)、T6(哈茨木霉菌)、T7(EM菌)、T8(叶芭复合微生物菌剂)等8个菌剂处理进行育苗试验,菌剂采用拌基质的方式施入,用量为3.75×10^(8) CFU/株,以用清水代替微生物菌剂的处理为对照(CK)。于播后15,25,35 d时,取样测定株高、茎粗,采用根扫描仪对根系进行扫描,测量根长、根表面积、根体积、根直径和根尖数;于播后35 d测定黄瓜叶片的叶长、叶宽,计算叶面积,测量植株地上部干鲜质量、地下部干鲜质量,并计算根冠比、壮苗指数和生长函数,并测定栽培基质pH、电导率(EC),全氮、全磷、全钾含量及脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性。于幼苗长至两叶一心时,测定叶绿素含量和根系活力。运用主成分分析法对微生物菌剂的作用效果进行综合评价。【结果】在播后15~25 d,各菌剂对黄瓜幼苗株高有抑制作用,35 d时有的表现为促进作用,有的表现为抑制作用,但差异大多不显著;各菌剂对黄瓜幼苗茎粗表现为促进作用,且随着时间的延长促进作用更趋明显;播后35 d,T1处理的叶面积最大。T7处理的地下部干鲜质量、根冠比最大,根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径和根尖数表现较好。T5处理的根系活力最大;不同菌剂对幼苗叶绿素含量有一定程度的提升作用,其中以T5和T7处理效果较好。各菌剂处理对土壤pH、EC有一定影响,但均在植株可正常生长的范围内。土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性以T7处理最大,较对照分别提高了11.76%和50.48%;过氧化氢酶活性以T3处理最高,但与T7处理无显著性差异;蔗糖酶活性以T4处理最高。T7处理的全氮、全【Objective】This research aims to explore the effects of different types of microbial agents on the growth and substrate physicochemical indicators of cucumber seedlings,and provide theoretical basis for the efficient application of microbial agents in cucumber seedling cultivation stage.【Method】With‘Bonai 35B’as the experimental material,eight bacterial agents including T1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),T2(Bacillus subtilis),T3(Methyl Bacillus),T4(Bacillus mucilaginosus),T5(Actinobacteria),T6(Trichoderma harzianum),T7(EM microbial community),and T8(Yeba compound microorganism bacterium agent)were used for seedling cultivation experiments.The bacterial agents were applied in a mixed substrate manner,with a dosage of 3.75×10^(8) CFU/strain,and the group treated with water instead of microbial agents served as control(CK).At day 15,25,and 35 after sowing,samples were taken to measure plant height and stem thickness.The root system was scanned using a root scanner to measure root length,root surface area,root volume,root diameter,and number of root tips.35 days after sowing,the leaf length and width of cucumber leaves were measured,the leaf area,the aboveground and underground dry and fresh weight the root to shoot ratio,seedling strength index,and growth function were calculated,and the pH,electrical conductivity(EC),total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium content of the rhizosphere soil,as well as the activities of urease,sucrase,phosphatase,and catalase were determined.When the seedlings produced one shot and two leaves,chlorophyll content and root activity were measured.Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of microbial agents.【Result】From 15 to 25 days after sowing,various bacterial agents had inhibitory effects on the height of cucumber seedlings.At day 35,some agents showed a promoting effect,while others showed an inhibitory effect,most of which,however,were not significant.Each bacterial agent had a promoting effect on the stem thickness

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 黄瓜幼苗 根系形态 基质理化环境 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]