不同有机物料对南疆黏质土壤化学性质及微生物数量的影响  

Effects of different organic materials on chemical properties and microbial quantity of clay soil in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：赵玉鹏 王治国[1] 付彦博[2,3] 陈波浪 扁青永[3] ZHAO Yupeng;WANG Zhiguo;FU Yanbo;CHEN Bolang;BIAN Qingyong(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China;School of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China;Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station/National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Aksu,Xinjiang 843000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站/国家土壤质量阿克苏观测试验站,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期93-101,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：农业科技创新稳定支持项目“退化耕地修复关键技术与产品研发”(xjnkywdzc-2023002-2);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(子课题)(2022A02007-2-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同有机物料输入对土壤化学性质和土壤微生物数量的影响,筛选最佳碳源物质输入量,指导有机物料合理利用,为板结黏质土壤改良提供重要的理论参数。【方法】采用大田试验方法,设置农家肥组(N)、生物炭组(T)、生物菌肥组(J)、商品有机肥组(S)、矿源黄腐酸钾组(H)5个不同有机物料组,每组设置50%推荐量、100%推荐量和150%推荐量3个梯度处理,以不施用有机物料为对照(CK),测定不同处理土壤化学性质和微生物数量,探讨5种不同有机物料(碳源物质)对黏质土壤化学性质和微生物数量的影响。【结果】①与对照相比,不同有机物料处理均能降低土壤盐分含量、pH和电导率,其中矿源黄腐酸钾和生物菌肥处理的抑盐效果较好。②与对照相比,不同有机物料处理均能提高土壤中有机质、全氮、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,其中生物菌肥、生物炭、农家肥处理的效果较好。③农家肥处理对土壤细菌和放线菌数量有较好的提升效果,生物炭处理对土壤真菌数量有较好的提升作用。【结论】综合各有机物料对土壤化学性质和微生物数量的影响,农家肥是该试验区较适宜的黏质土壤改良剂,推荐用量为36 t/hm 2。【Objective】The study aimed to explore the effects of different organic materials input on soil chemical properties and the number of soil microorganisms,screen the optimal input of carbon source materials,guide the rational utilization of organic materials and provide important theoretical parameters for the improvement of consolidated clay soil.【Method】Field experiment was conducted,five different organic material groups were set up,including farmyard manure group(N),biochar group(T),microbial fertilizer group(J),commercial organic fertilizer group(S)and potassium fulvate group(H),three gradient treatments,50%RDA,100%RDA,and 150%RDA,were applied to each group.Soil chemical properties and microbial biomass under different treatments were measured with no organic material treatment as the control(CK),to investigate the effects of five different organic materials(carbon sources)on clay soil chemical properties and the number of microbial biomass.【Result】①Compared with the control,the salt content,pH and electrical conductivity of soil were decreased by different organic materials treatments,and potassium fulvate and microbial fertilizer had a better salt inhibition effect.②Compared with the control,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus and available pota-ssium in soil were all increased by different organic materials treatments,among which microbial fertilizer,biochar and farmyard manure were better.③The quantity of soil bacteria and actinomycetes was increased by farmyard manure treatment,and the quantity of soil fungi was increased by biochar treatment.【Conclusion】Based on the effects of organic materials on soil chemical property and microbial population,farmyard manure was the most suitable clay soil conditioner in the experimental area,and the recommended dosage was 36 t/hm 2.

关 键 词：土壤改良 黏质土壤 土壤化学性质 土壤微生物 南疆 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]