毛刷式大豆排种器抛物线型携种机构设计与试验  

Design and test of the parabolic seed carrying mechanism of brush soybean seed arranger

作　　者：赵烁 杨发展 刘鹏 李宝刚 李玉环 宋泉 颜世斌 李贤 ZHAO Shuo;YANG Fazhan;LIU Peng;LI Baogang;LI Yuhuan;SONG Quan;YAN Shibin;LI Xian(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266520,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,山东青岛266520

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期113-123,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52202508);山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2022QE231)。

摘　　要：【目的】设计抛物线型携种毛刷,为毛刷式大豆排种器携种机构的改进提供参考。【方法】根据传统毛刷式大豆排种器豆种携种过程中易掉落的现象,对豆种携种过程进行受力分析,明确豆种掉落的原因,通过理论分析确定影响抛物线型携种毛刷携种性能的关键参数。采用正交试验,以漏播指数和破损指数为评价指标,对排种盘转速、毛刷形变量和携种毛刷刷丝直径进行三因素三水平台架试验并建立回归模型。采用多目标变量优化方法,运用Design-Expert 13.0对回归模型进行优化求解以确定最佳结构参数组合,以优化圆整后的排种盘转速、毛刷形变量和携种毛刷刷丝直径进行台架试验验证。最后以漏播指数和破损指数为评价指标,与现有的传统毛刷式大豆排种器进行台架对比试验。【结果】影响毛刷式大豆排种器携种毛刷性能的主要参数为排种盘转速、毛刷形变量及刷丝直径,理论分析确定排种盘转速为25~35 r/min,毛刷形变量为5~11 mm,刷丝直径为0.2~0.6 mm。三因素三水平优化试验结果表明,排种盘转速为26.20 r/min、毛刷形变量为7.83 mm、携种毛刷刷丝直径为0.33 mm时,理论漏播指数为1.27%,破损指数为0.11%。利用最佳作业参数的圆整值(排种盘转速为26 r/min,毛刷形变量为8 mm,刷丝直径为0.3 mm)进行台架试验验证,其漏播指数为1.30%,破损指数为0.11%。台架对比试验结果表明,相较于具平齐携种毛刷的毛刷式排种器,在排种盘转速为25~35 r/min的条件下,具抛物线型携种毛刷的毛刷式排种器的漏播指数降低0.5%~2.1%,破损指数降低0.04%~0.10%。【结论】毛刷式大豆排种器抛物线型携种毛刷在排种盘转速为26 r/min、毛刷形变量为8 mm、刷丝直径为0.3 mm的条件下,可有效提高排种器的排种质量。【Objective】This research aimed to design a parabolic seed carrying brush to provide refe-rence for the improvement of the seed carrying mechanism of the brush type soybean planter.【Method】Based on the phenomenon of easy dropping during the seed carrying process of traditional brush type soybean seeders,a force analysis was conducted on the seed carrying process to clarify the reasons for seed dropping.Through theoretical analysis,the key parameters affecting the seed carrying performance of parabolic type seed carrying brushes were determined.With orthogonal experiment as the method and leakage index and damage index as evaluation indicators,a three-factor and three-level bench test was conducted on the rotation speed of the seeding disk,the deformation of the brush,and the diameter of the carrying brush bristles,and a regression model was established.With multi-objective variable optimization method,Design Expert 13.0 was applied to optimize and solve the regression model to determine the optimal combination of structural parameters.The optimized speed of the seeding disk,the shape variable of the brush,and the diameter of the seed carrying brush filament after rounding were verified in bench tests.Finally,with the leakage index and damage index as evaluation indicators,a bench comparison experiment was conducted with the existing traditional brush type soybean seeder.【Result】The main parameters affecting the performance of the brush carrying soybean seeder were the seeding disk speed,brush deformation,and brush filament diameter.Theoretical analysis determined that the seeding disk speed was 25-35 r/min,the brush deformation was 5-11 mm,and the brush filament diameter was 0.2-0.6 mm.The results of the three-factor and three-level optimization experiment showed that when the seeding disk speed was 26.20 r/min,the brush deformation was 7.83 mm,and the diameter of the seed carrying brush was 0.33 mm,the theoretical leakage index was 1.27%and the damage index was 0.11%.In the bench verification test of

关 键 词：大豆播种 毛刷式大豆排种器 携种机构 种植机械 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]