基于离散元法的生姜根茎挖掘铲关键参数研究  

Research on key parameters of ginger rhizome excavation shovel based on discrete element method

作　　者：王知多 王松松 朱佩彦 朱代根[1] WANG Zhiduo;WANG Songsong;ZHU Peiyan;ZHU Daigen(College of Machinery and Transportation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学机械与交通学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期124-136,共13页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：云南省农业联合专项(202101BD070001-062);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2024J0682)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同类型挖掘铲及其前刃倾角角度对挖掘阻力的影响,分析生姜挖掘过程中的阻力变化,为生姜挖掘铲关键参数的选择提供参考。【方法】以云南省罗平县的生姜收获作业为研究对象,测定生姜与种植区土壤的基本物理参数,构建平面、V型、弧型3种结构挖掘铲的三维模型;通过对挖掘铲挖掘过程的分析,确定影响挖掘阻力和土壤破坏性的关键参数;采用EDEM离散元仿真方法,并利用Hertz-Mindlin with JKR模型建立生姜根茎-土壤离散元混合接触模型,以平均工作阻力和土壤破坏性为评价指标,对挖掘铲类型和前刃倾角进行虚拟仿真试验;再以平均工作阻力为评价指标,进行不同类型以及不同前刃倾角挖掘铲的田间对比试验,通过仿真试验和田间试验的平均工作阻力误差率验证仿真试验的可靠性。【结果】仿真分析表明,影响生姜收获机挖掘装置挖掘性能的主要结构参数为挖掘铲类型和前刃倾角,前刃倾角45°弧形铲、V型铲和平面铲的平均工作阻力分别为1088.34,1043.52和965.52 N,其对土壤的破坏性依次表现为平面铲>弧形铲>V型铲,由此确定挖掘铲的最佳类型为平面铲。对平面铲前刃倾角的进一步仿真优化试验表明,其最佳前刃倾角为40°,在此条件挖掘铲的平均工作阻力最小,为904.05 N。田间对比试验表明,前刃倾角45°弧形铲、V型铲及前刃倾角45°和40°平面铲的平均工作阻力分别为1184.10,1122.66,986.50和879.85 N,与仿真试验平均工作阻力的误差率分别为8.09%,7.05%,2.13%和2.75%。【结论】生姜根茎收获机挖掘装置宜选择前刃倾角为40°的平面铲,其可以满足生姜收获作业的工作要求和减阻需求。【Objective】This research aimed to study the influence of different types of digging shovels and the inclination degrees of their front edges on the digging resistance,analyze the resistance change in the process of ginger digging,and provide reference for the selection of key parameters of ginger digging shovels.【Method】With the ginger harvesting operation in Luoping County,Yunnan Province as the test object,the basic physical parameters of ginger and its planting soil were measured,and the three-dimensional models of plane,V-shaped and arc-shaped digging shovel were constructed.Through the analysis of the excavation process of the shovel,the key parameters affecting the excavation resistance and soil des-tructiveness were determined.EDEM discrete element simulation method was adopted,and Hertz-Mindlin with JKR model was used to establish a discrete element model between rhizome and soil of ginger.With average working resistance and soil destructiveness as evaluation indicators,virtual simulation tests were conducted on shovel types and front blade angles.Field comparative tests on different types and different front blade angles of shovels were conducted with average working resistance as the evaluation indicator.The reliability of the simulation tests was verified by the error rate of the average working resistance between simulation tests and field tests.【Result】The simulation analysis showed that the main structural parameters affecting the digging performance of ginger harvester excavating device were shovel type and front edge inclination.The average working resistances of the arc-shaped shovel,V-shaped shovel,and flat shovel with a front blade angle of 45°were 1088.34,1043.52,and 965.52 N,respectively.Their perfor-mance of soil destructiveness was in the order of flat shovel>arc-shaped shovel>V-shaped shovel,which determined the optimal type of digging shovel to be the flat shovel.Further simulation optimization tests on the front blade angle of the flat shovel showed that the optimal front bl

关 键 词：生姜 根茎收获机械 挖掘铲 前刃倾角 挖掘阻力 

分 类 号：S225.79[农业科学—农业机械化工程]