新疆某三甲医院2017—2022年医院感染现患率调查及影响因素分析  

Survey on the prevalence of hospital infections in a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2022 and analysis of influencing factors

作　　者：牛珂 田萍[2] 邓婧岚 赵可心 左秋霞 汪晓 阿迪拉 史树银 NIU Ke;TIAN Ping;DENG Jinglan;ZHAO Kexin;ZUO Qiuxia;WANG Xiao;ADiLa;SHI Shuyin(School of Nursing,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830054,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学护理学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆医科大学第五附属医院

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2025年第1期42-47,共6页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01C564)。

摘　　要：目的了解新疆某三甲医院连续6年发生医院感染及变化趋势,剖析医院感染相关危险因素,为降低感染提供依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,对2017—2022年6个调查日的住院患者进行床旁调查与病历调查,调查医院感染现患率、科室感染发生情况、感染部位、抗菌药物使用及病原学送检、医院感染病原菌分布,单因素及多因素Logistic分析医院感染的危险因素。结果2017—2022年,实查患者6043例,实查率98.29%,医院感染现患率1.56%,感染区间0.59%~2.21%,历年感染现患率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);检出医院感染病原菌44株,以革兰阴性菌为主(88.63%);医院感染最高的科室为重症医学科(33.33%);最高的感染部位为下呼吸道(32.99%);抗菌药物使用率30.15%,使用区间23.28%~35.79%;药物使用以治疗为主(78.98%),单联用药比例显著提升(89.52%);病原学送检率50.27%,送检区间35.58~67.10%。二元Logistic回归分析显示手术(OR=0.377,95%CI:0.191~0.744)、使用抗菌药物(OR=9.233,95%CI:5.376~15.858)是该院感染发生的独立危险因素。结论该医院感染现患率较低,但应加强对重症医学科和下呼吸道的监测;手术和使用抗菌药物是该院感染发生的危险因素,对此类患者应重点防护。Objective To investigate the trend of nosocomial infection in a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang for 6 consecutive years,analyze the risk factors related to nosocomial infection,and provide evidence for reducing infection.Methods A crosssectional survey was used to investigate bedside and medical records of hospitalized patients in 6 days from 2017 to 2022.The incidence rate of nosocomial infection,the infection situation of hospital departments,the infection site,the use of antibacterial drugs and the pathogenic examination,the distribution of nosocomial infection pathogens were investigated.The risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic analysis.Results From 2017 to2022,6043 patients were confirmed,the confirmed rate was 98.29%,the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 1.56%,ranged 0.59%to 2.21%,and there was no statistical significance in the prevalence rate of infection over the years(P>0.05).44 strains of nosocomial infection pathogen were detected,mainly Gram-negative bacteria(88.63%).The department with the highest nosocomial infection was intensive care unit(33.33%),the highest infection site was lower respiratory tract(32.99%).The utilization rate of antibiotics was 30.15%,ranged 23.28%to 35.79%.The main drug usage was treatment(78.98%),and the proportion of single drug was significantly increased(89.52%).The detection rate of etiology was 50.27%,and ranged35.58%to 67.10%.Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that surgery(OR=0.377,95%CI:0.191-0.744)and use of antibiotics(OR=9.233,95%CI:5.376-15.858)were independent risk factors for infection in the hospital.Conclusion The prevalence of infection in this hospital was low,but the monitoring in intensive care unit and lower respiratory tract should be strengthened.Surgery and the use of antibiotics were the risk factors of infection in this hospital,the protection should be focused on these patients.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R63[医药卫生—外科学]