空间核动力燃料发展趋势与研究进展  

Development Trends and Research Progress of Space Nuclear Power Fuel

作　　者：吴学志[1] 魏国良[1] 郭骁 屈哲昊[1] 王轩[1] 任劲如 WU Xuezhi;WEI Guoliang;GUO Xiao;QU Zhehao;WANG Xuan;REN Jinru(Reactor Engineering Technology Research Institute,China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院反应堆工程技术研究所,北京102413

出　　处：《材料导报》2025年第5期109-114,共6页Materials Reports

摘　　要：空间核动力是未来实现深空探测和载物运输的关键技术之一,空间核动力具有工作寿命长、机动性能好和受太空环境影响小的特点,是空间环境中可提供能量的优质能源。核燃料是空间核动力反应堆的核心部件,处于长时、高温和强辐射的服役环境,是影响空间核反应堆能否高效稳定运行的关键材料,与传统压水堆UO_(2)燃料存在较大不同。本文综述了以空间核电源与核推进为代表的空间核动力反应堆燃料的发展趋势与研究进展,对比分析了不同空间核动力系统燃料体系的区别,从燃料设计、工艺制备、性能分析与服役评价等方面系统阐述了影响空间核动力燃料应用的关键问题,提出了未来我国空间核动力燃料的技术方向与研究重点,为我国先进空间核动力反应堆燃料的优化设计与性能提升提供支持。Space nuclear power is one of the key technologies for achieving deep space exploration and carrier transportation in the future.Space nuclear power has the characteristics of long service life,good maneuverability,and minimal impact from the space environment.It is a high-quality energy source that provides energy in space.Nuclear fuel is the core component of space nuclear power reactors,located in long-term,high-tem-perature,and high radiation service environments.It is a key material that affects the efficient and stable operation of space nuclear reactors,which is significantly different from traditional pressurized water reactor UO_(2) fuel.This paper reviews the development trends and research pro-gress of space nuclear power reactor fuels,represents by nuclear power sources and nuclear propulsion.It compares and analyzes the diffe-rences in fuel systems used in different space nuclear power systems,and systematically elaborates on the key issues affecting the application of space nuclear power fuels from the aspects of fuel design,process preparation,performance analysis,and service evaluation.It also proposed the technical direction and research focus of future space nuclear power fuels in China.Providing support for the optimization design and perfor-mance improvement of fuel for advanced space nuclear power reactors in China.

关 键 词：空间核动力 反应堆 燃料 核电源 核推进 

分 类 号：TL352.21[核科学技术—核技术及应用]