秋季黑龙江茴鱼的年龄结构与生长特性  

Age Structure and Growth Characteristics of Amur Grayling Thymallus grubii in Autumn

作　　者：韩豪祥 金洪宇 廉杰 薄永芳 马波[1,2] HAN Haoxiang;JIN Hongyu;LIAN Jie;Bo Yongfang;MA Bo(Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]上海海洋大学,上海201306 [3]大连海洋大学,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2025年第1期8-14,20,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：农业农村财政专项“东北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2023TD07).

摘　　要：为了解黑龙江流域黑龙江茴鱼(Thymallus grubii)的生长特性及资源现状,2020年9月—10月采用拟饵钩钓和三层流刺网在黑龙江流域呼玛河和额木尔河采集黑龙江茴鱼332尾,测定体长(精确到1.0 mm)、体质量(精确到0.01 g)和年龄组成等,解剖取出性腺,判断性别,同时以微耳石鉴定年龄,并通过Von Bertalanffy方程计算生长速度和生长加速度。结果表明:秋季黑龙江茴鱼样本平均体长为(155.2±56.4)mm,范围为49.0~286.0 mm;体质量平均为(76.75±60.87)g,范围为1.98~316.24 g;332尾黑龙江茴鱼鉴定出0~4龄5个年龄组,1~3龄占比较高,为73.19%;样本中的雌雄群体生长函数的指数b与3存在显著差异(P<0.05),黑龙江茴鱼雌雄个体均为异速生长。样本中雌雄群体的生长指标无显著性差异(P>0.05)。黑龙江茴鱼的生长拐点为3.56龄,对应的体长为213.6 mm、体质量为170.19 g。研究表明:当前野生黑龙江茴鱼资源已遭到破坏,处于过度开发的状态。In order to understand the growth characteristics and resource status of Amur grayling Thymallus grubii in the Heilongjiang River Basin,body length(nearest to 1.0 mm),body weight(nearest to 0.01 g),and age composition were measured in 332 samples of Amur grayling collected in the Huma River and Emuer River in the Heilongjiang River Basin in September and October 2020 by lure hook fishing and three-layer drift gillnets,and by micro-otoliths as age identification materials and growth rate and growth acceleration were calculated through the Von Bertalanffy equation.The gonads were removed by dissection to determine the sex.The results showed that in autumn,the body length of Amur graying ranged from 49.0 mm to 286.0 mm,with an average of(155.2±56.4)mm,and a body weight ranged from 1.98 g to 316.24 g,with an average of(76.75±60.87)g in autumn.A total of 5 age groups,from 0 to 4 years old,were identified in 332 samples of Amur grayling,accounting for a high proportion of 73.19%in 1-3 years old.There was a significant difference between index b and 3 of the growth function of male and female groups in the sample(P<0.05),so both the males and females of Amur grayling grew all metrically,without significant differences in the growth indices of male and female groups in the sample(P>0.05).The Amur grayling had inflection point of 3.56 years,with the corresponding body length of 213.6 mm,and the body weight of 170.19 g.The findings indicate that the current wild Amur grayling stocks have been destroyed and have been in a state of overexploitation.

关 键 词：黑龙江流域 黑龙江茴鱼 年龄 生长 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖]