盐碱胁迫对大鳞副泥鳅鳃、肝及肠组织结构的影响  

Effects of Saline-Alkaline Stress on Gill,Liver,and Intestinal Structure of Paramisgurnus dabryanus

作　　者：王瑞 颜秉龙 徐维康 朱明 张家敏 陈建华 顾忠旗 WANG Rui;YAN Binglong;XU Weikang;ZHU Ming;ZHANG Jiamin;CHEN Jianhua;GU Zhongqi(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China;Lianyungang Water Conservancy Planning and Design Institute Co.Ltd.,Lianyungang 222006,China;Lianyungang Yinhe Loach Co.Ltd.,Lianyungang 222142,China;Shengsi Aquaculture Service Center,Zhoushan 202450,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学,江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室,江苏连云港222005 [2]连云港市水利规划设计院有限公司,江苏连云港222006 [3]连云港市银合泥鳅有限公司,江苏连云港222142 [4]嵊泗县水产养殖服务中心,浙江舟山202450

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2025年第1期27-34,75,共9页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2021-05);江苏省水利科技项目(2021049);连云港市科技成果转化揭榜挂帅专项资金项目(CA202202).

摘　　要：为研究盐度和碱度对大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)的鳃、肝及肠组织结构的影响,在水温20.7~21.5℃、pH7.49~7.52条件下,将体质量(7.63±0.89)g的大鳞副泥鳅饲养在充分曝气后的自来水(淡水组,FW)、盐度12(SW组)、碱度35 mmol/L(AW组)及盐碱混合水(盐度12、碱度35 mmol/L,S+A组)中14 d。以充分曝气的自来水与过滤天然海水配制所需盐度,及分析纯NaHCO3配置所需碱度。盐度从6开始,每天提升2个盐度;碱度从20 mmol/L开始,以5 mmol/(L·d)的速度缓慢提升;盐碱混合组初始盐度和碱度分别为6和20 mmol/L,以同样的速度分别提高其盐度和碱度,先升盐度,再加入NaHCO3。结果显示:SW组大鳞副泥鳅鳃小片间距变宽、长度变短;AW组鳃小片变长且末端膨大;S+A组鳃丝变宽、末端破损,鳃小片变短、末端膨大,上皮细胞溶解。SW组大鳞副泥鳅肝脏细胞核偏移、溶解及肝组织空泡;AW组肝细的胞质空泡和肝细胞索增多;S+A组肝脏组织结构则出现肝血窦明显增多,胆汁色素沉积。SW组大鳞副泥鳅肠组织浆膜破损,肌层变薄,纵肌层与环肌层难以分辨且与黏膜下层分离;AW组肠组织浆膜变薄,杯状细胞减少;S+A组肠道组织结构出现肌层间分离,浆膜破损严重,杯状细胞明显减少,单层柱状上皮细胞变形严重。研究表明,大鳞副泥鳅对水体盐碱度变化有一定的适应能力,但高盐度或高碱度胁迫均会对大鳞副泥鳅鳃、肝、肠组织造成一定的损伤,而且盐碱混合胁迫对大鳞副泥鳅组织结构的损伤程度高于单一盐度或碱度胁迫。In order to probe the effects of salinity and alkalinity on the structure of gills,liver and intestines of Paramisgurnus dabryanus,P.dabryanus with body weight of(7.63±0.89)g was reared in tap water(freshwater group,FW),salinity of 12(SW group),alkalinity of 35 mmol/L(AW group)and saline-alkaline mixed water(salinity 12,alkalinity 35 mmol/L,S+A group)at water temperature of 20.7-21.5℃and pH of(7.49-7.52)for 14 d.The expected salinity was prepared with fully aerated tap water,from salinity of 6 to salinity of 12 at raising rate of two levels per day,and filtered natural seawater,and the desired alkalinity was prepared with pure NaHCO3 reagent,from 20 mmol/L to 35 mmol/L,slowly increased at a rate of 5 mmol/(L·d).The initial salinity and alkalinity of the salt-alkali mixed group were 6 and 20 mmol/L,respectively,and their salinity and alkalinity were increased at the same rate.The salinity was elevated first,and then NaHCO3 was added.The results showed that the increase in space between gill lamellae and the short lamellae were observed in the fish in SW group.The lamellae were shown to be increase in length with swollen terminal in AW group.In S+A group,the gill filaments became wider,with damaged ends,short with dissolved epithelial cells.There was nuclear deviation,dissolution and vacuoles in liver tissue in SW group,and increase in cytoplasmic vacuoles,and hepatocyte cords were observed in AW group.Meanwhile,the number of hepatic sinuses was increased significantly,and bile pigment deposition was found in the saline-alkaline mixed group.In salinity 12 group,the serosa was damaged,the muscular layer became thin,and the longitudinal muscle layer was difficult to distinguish from the annular muscle layer and separated from the submucosa.The P.dabryanus exposed to 35 mmol/L alkalinity had thinner serosa of intestinal tissue and decrease in number of goblet cells.It was observed that the muscular layer was separated,the serosa was seriously damaged,the goblet cells were obviously reduced,and the monolayer column

关 键 词：大鳞副泥鳅 盐碱胁迫 鳃 肝 肠 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]