地核物质成分、结构与形核研究进展  

Progress in the study of the composition, structure and nucleation of the Earth′s core

作　　者：高宸 Ho Kai-Ming 孙阳 GAO Chen;HO Kai-Ming;SUN Yang(College of Physical Science and Technology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;Department of Physics and Astronomy,Iowa State University,Ames IA 50011,USA)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学物理科学与技术学院,厦门361005 [2]爱荷华州立大学物理与天文系,美国埃姆斯市50011

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2025年第1期94-115,I0003,共23页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42374108)。

摘　　要：地核由液态外核和固态内核组成,其主要化学成分是铁,此外还包含少量镍和轻质元素,这些元素在内、外核中的含量存在较大争议。地震波数据显示,内地核具有显著的各向异性,可能与其晶体结构和物态密切相关,但研究者们对此尚未完全理解。同时,内核的年龄及结晶过程也存在许多谜团。地核成分、结构及其形成过程对于理解地球深部演变至关重要。近年来,随着高压实验和第一性原理计算模拟的发展,各种物理和化学手段被广泛应用于研究地核物质物性问题。本文总结了近十年来地核物质成分、结构及结晶过程的研究进展,概述了镍与轻元素在内、外核中的含量及其对地核结构、密度和地震波速等性质影响的研究结果,指出了探究地核多元物质固液相图的重要性。此外,本文还简要总结了与内核年龄相关的研究工作,阐释了在探究地核演化过程中发现的理论难题与悖论。本文可为未来的地核研究提供一定的参考。The Earth′s core located at the center of the Earth consists of a liquid outer core and a solid inner core.Its main chemical component is iron,with small amounts of nickel and light elements.Contents of those elements in the inner and outer cores are of considerably debated.Seismic data show that the inner core has significant anisotropy,which could be closely related to the crystal structure and physical state of its components,though this relationship is not yet fully understood by researchers.Meanwhile,the age and crystallization process of the inner core remain enigmatic.The composition,structure,and formation processes of the Earth’s core are crucial for understanding the evolution of the Earth′s interior parts.In recent years,with the advancement of high-pressure experiments and first-principles computational simulations,various physical and chemical methods have been extensively applied to the study of physical properties of materials in the Earth’s core.In this paper,we have summarized progresses of researches over the past decade on the composition,structure,and crystallization processes of the Earth′s core,briefly reviewed studies on contents of nickel and light elements in the inner and outer cores and their influences on properties such as the structure,density,and seismic wave velocity of the Earth’s core,and emphasized the importance for developing solid-liquid phase diagrams for multi-component materials of the Earth’s core.In addition we have also briefly summarized progresses of researches related to the age of the inner core,and elucidated the theoretical challenges and paradoxes encountered in researches for exploring the evolution of the Earth’s core.Our paper aims to provide a reference for future studies of the Earth′s core.

关 键 词：地球地核 地核组分 内地核结构 内地核形核 

分 类 号：P591[天文地球—地球化学]