关闭矿井地表抬升变形特征及其影响因素  

Deformation characteristics and influential factors of the surface uplift of closed mines

作　　者：罗锦 李英明[1,2] 郭庆彪 赵光明[1,2] LUO Jin;LI Yingming;GUO Qingbiao;ZHAO Guangming(State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;School of Mining Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室,安徽淮南232001 [2]安徽理工大学矿业工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [3]安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2025年第2期118-129,共12页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52274164,52174102);安徽省优秀青年科学基金项目(2308085Y31);中国科协青年托举人才工程项目(2022QNRC001);煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GJNY-21-41-15);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202104a07020001,2022m07020007)。

摘　　要：【目的】关闭矿井地表残余变形持续时间长、演变过程复杂,可能出现抬升等非常规现象,从而影响关闭矿井开发再利用。【方法】为探究关闭矿井地表抬升变形机理、特征及影响因素,以安徽淮南某矿为例,利用数值模拟分析地下水位回升后地表抬升传导过程,研究采高、地下水位高度和垮落带岩体强度因素变化对地表抬升特征的定量影响。【结果和讨论】结果显示,地下水位回升导致采空区上方岩层孔隙水压力增大,水位从30 m回升至150 m时,采空区中央孔隙水压力从5.99×10^(2)kPa增加至2.17×10^(2)kPa,而采空区四周区域孔隙水压力减小。在采高临界值之内,随着采高增加,覆岩回弹值和地表抬升值均增大,深埋岩层回弹显著,地表抬升存在滞后效应,在渗流时间达4个月后地表才开始抬升。水位回升高度对覆岩回弹和地表抬升有直接影响,地下水位升高,覆岩整体呈现回弹趋势,但随水位升高,覆岩回弹趋势降低,水位回升高度超过146 m后地下水位引起的回弹效果将会减弱。垮落带弹性模量衰减会显著加剧地表抬升效应,且抬升值与衰减程度呈线性正相关,垮落带弹性模量未衰减时地表抬升值为86.4 mm,衰减程度增加至50%时,地表抬升值为160 mm。研究成果明确了不同因素下地表抬升的变形特征及传导机制,为关闭矿井地下水回升引起地表抬升的进一步研究提供了重要参考。[Objective]The residual surface deformations of closed mines exhibit prolonged duration and complex evolutionary processes,potentially leading to unconventional phenomena like surface uplift,which affects the re-exploitation and reutilization of closed mines.[Methods]This investigated a mining area in Huainan,Anhui Province as an example to explore the deformation mechanisms,characteristics,and influential factors of the surface uplift of closed mines.Through numerical simulations,this study analyzed the propagation process of surface uplift with an increase in the groundwater level.Accordingly,this study investigated the quantitative impacts of the mining height,groundwater level,and rock strength of the caving zone on the characteristics of the surface uplift.The results indicate that the pore water pressure in rock layers above the goaf increased with the groundwater level.Specifically,as the groundwater level increased from 30 m to 150 m,the pore water pressure in the central portion of the goaf increased from 5.99×10^(2)kPa to 2.17×10^(2)kPa,while that in the surrounding area decreased.Within the mining height threshold,the amplitude of over-burden rebound and surface uplift increased with the mining height.The deeply buried rock layers exhibited significant rebound,while the surface uplift occurred after four months of seepage,suggesting a lag effect.An increase in the groundwater level exerted a direct influence on the overburden rebound and surface uplift.The increasing groundwater level resulted in an overall rebound trend of the overburden generally.However,the rebound trend became weak as the groundwater level increased further.Notably,the rebound effect lessened when the groundwater level exceeded 146 m.The attenuation of the modulus of elasticity of the caving zone significantly intensified the surface uplift,with the amp-litude of the surface uplift exhibiting a linear positive correlation with the degree of the attenuation.Specifically,the amplitude of the surface uplift was 86.4 mm before the at

关 键 词：关闭矿井 水位回升 地表抬升源 动态机理 流固耦合 淮南矿区 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]