论爱伦·坡的戏剧观及其对美国现实主义戏剧的先声作用  

On Edgar Allan Poe's View of Drama and Its Pioneering Role in American Realist Drama

作　　者：熊焕颖 XIONG Huanying

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院 [2]桂林学院人文学院

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2025年第1期95-108,共14页Theatre Arts

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中外戏剧经典的跨文化阐释与传播”(20&ZD283)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：爱伦·坡以小说、诗歌和文学评论闻名于世,其在戏剧领域的探索和影响鲜有人关注。1812年美英战争后美国民族主义情绪高涨,美国剧作家们呼吁和探索具有美国特色和美国原创性的戏剧,试图摆脱欧洲戏剧传统的束缚。身为演员之子的爱伦·坡与戏剧有着千丝万缕的联系,他积极投身于美国本土戏剧的探索,旗帜鲜明地提出了“自然主义”戏剧观,主张以真实性原则评价美国戏剧,以自然原则评判演员的舞台表演,倡导美国剧作家师法自然,坚决反对模仿。从时间上看,坡的戏剧观具有超前性和先锋性,不仅在南北战争后的美国舞台上引发了一股极端现实主义表演的风潮,而且在“现实主义之战”和“未来戏剧”的理论探讨中产生了回响,对美国现实主义戏剧文学的发展也有指导性的意义。因此,它对其后美国现实主义戏剧的兴起和繁荣起到了先声作用。Edgar Allan Poe is renowned for his novels,poetry,and literary criticism,yet his exploration and influence in the field of drama have often been overlooked.After the War of 1812,American nationalism surged,and American playwrights called for and explored dramas with distinct American characteristics and originality,attempting to break free from the constraints of European dramatic traditions.As the son of an actor,Poe had deep connections with theatre.He actively engaged in the exploration of American native drama and clearly proposed the concept of"naturalistic"drama.He advocated for evaluating American drama based on the principle of authenticity,judging actors'performances on stage by natural principles,and encouraged American playwrights to learn from nature,firmly opposing imitation.Chronologically,Poe's view of drama was ahead of its time and pioneering.Not only did it spark a wave of extreme realism in post-Civil War American theatre,but also resonated in the theoretical discussions of the"battle of realism"and the"future of drama",having a guiding significance in the development of American realist drama literature.Overall,Poe's view of drama played a pioneering role in the rise and flourishing of American realist drama.

关 键 词：爱伦·坡 自然主义 戏剧观 现实主义戏剧 先声作用 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]