黑龙江中央站蒙古栎针阔混交林树种组成与群落结构特征  

Species composition and community structural characteristics of Quercus mongolica coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Heilongjiang Central Station

作　　者：陈曦[1] 刘万生 王彦琦 穆立蔷[1] 张浩[1] CHEN Xi;LIU Wan-sheng;WANG Yan-qi;MU Li-qiang;ZHANG Hao(Forestry Institute,Northeast Forestry University,Heilongjiang Harbin 150040,China;Inner Mongolia Forestry Research Institute,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期53-58,共6页Journal of Qiqihar University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中央站保护区生态监测样地建设及调查(2017-049)。

摘　　要：为深入探究黑龙江中央站蒙古栎针阔混交林乔木和灌木层的群落特征,采用永久固定观测样地调查方法。结果表明,样地乔木树种以桦木科、壳斗科数量最多,二者占总个体数88.92%,蒙古栎、白桦、黑桦为建群树种,蒙古栎优势明显,建群树种空间分布受坡位、坡向、土壤等因素限制。Gleason丰富度指数为0.87,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.46,Simpson多样性指数为0.73,Pielou均匀度为0.70,表明物种丰富、多样性高且分布均匀。乔木空间和径级分布表明,蒙古栎径级加大时大体呈双曲峰线趋势,白桦、黑桦大体下降,群落处于幼龄林期,演替状态良好。建群树种是蒙古栎、白桦、黑桦,蒙古栎自然更新良好,重要值和大径级个体数多于白桦、黑桦,随演替将成主要树种。The purpose of this study was to explore the community characteristics of tree and shrub layers of Quercus mongolica coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Heilongjiang Central Station.The survey method of permanent fixed observation plots was adopted.The results show that Betulaceae and Fagaceae were the most abundant tree species in the plot,accounting for 88.92%of the total number of individuals.Quercus mongolica,Betula platyphylla and Betula dahurica were the constructive tree species,and Quercus mongolica had obvious advantages.The spatial distribution of constructive tree species was limited by slope position,slope direction,soil and other factors.Gleason richness index was 0.87,Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 1.46,Simpson diversity index was 0.73,and Pielou evenness index was 0.70,indicating that the species were rich,diverse and evenly distributed.From the distribution of tree space and diameter class,when the diameter class of Quercus mongolica increased,it generally showed a hyperbolic peak trend,and Betula platyphylla and Betula dahurica generally decreased.The community was in the young forest stage and the succession state was good.It is concluded that the dominant tree species are Quercus mongolica,Betula platyphylla and Betula dahurica.Quercus mongolica has good natural regeneration,and its important value and the number of large diameter individuals are more than Betula platyphylla and Betula dahurica,and it will become the main tree species with succession.

关 键 词：树种组成 群落结构 蒙古栎 

分 类 号：S792.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]