棘孢木霉菌对甜瓜生理特性、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Trichoderma asperellum Agents on Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Melon

作　　者：廉华[1] 赵振涵 马光恕[1] 吴瑕[1] 姜博 李梅[2] LIAN Hua;ZHAO Zhenhan;MA Guangshu;WU Xia;JIANG Bo;LI Mei(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学园艺园林学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第5期66-73,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFD1002000-02);黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导资助项目(LH2021C066)。

摘　　要：以甜瓜“龙甜1号”为试材,采用苗期盆栽和大棚畦栽的试验方法,研究了不同浓度棘孢木霉菌剂(1.0×10^(4)、5.0×10^(4)、2.5×10^(5)、1.25×10^(6) cfu·g^(-1))对甜瓜幼苗形态建成指标、生理指标以及甜瓜品质指标和产量形成指标的影响,以期为甜瓜生产提供参考依据。结果表明:棘孢木霉菌剂不同施用量均能有效提高甜瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根冠比和壮苗指数,其中2.5×10^(5) cfu·g^(-1)棘孢木霉菌剂处理对甜瓜幼苗形态建成促进效果最好;同时,棘孢木霉菌剂不同施用量均能改善甜瓜幼苗生理特性,提高果实品质和产量,其中2.5×10^(5) cfu·g^(-1)棘孢木霉菌剂处理对甜瓜幼苗生理指标促进效果最为显著,在甜瓜出苗后25 d,其根系活力、总吸收面积和叶片叶绿素含量、NR活性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量分别比CK提高了14.81%、15.18%、21.45%、40.56%、60.05%、75.17%;其果实可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、维生素C含量、单瓜质量和产量分别比CK提高9.45%、54.02%、111.91%、12.34%、46.81%。综上所述,棘孢木霉菌剂通过改善甜瓜幼苗生理特性,促进幼苗形态建成,进而提高果实品质和产量,以2.5×10^(5) cfu·g^(-1)棘孢木霉菌剂应用效果最好,对于保证甜瓜高产和优质生产具有重要意义。Taking‘Longtian 1’melon as the test material,seedling pots and greenhouse borders were used,the effects of different concentrations of Trichoderma asperellum agents(1.0×10^(4),5.0×10^(4),2.5×10^(5),1.25×10^(6) cfu·g^(-1))on morphological and physiological indicators,as well as indicators of melon quality and yield formation in melon seedlings were studied,in order to provide reference for melon production.The results showed that different application rates of T.asperellum agents were effective in increasing seedling plant height steam diameter root shoot ratio and strong seeding index,among them,2.5×10^(5) cfu·g^(-1) of T.asperellum agents treatment had the best effect on the promotion of melon seedling morphogenesis.At the same time,different application rates of T.asperellum agents improve physiological characteristics of melon seedlings,improvement of fruit quality and yield,T.asperellum agents treatment at a concentration of 2.5×10^(5) cfu·g^(-1) had the most significant effect on the physiological indexes,25 days after melon seedling emergence,root activity total absorption area of seedlings and chlorophyll content,NR activity,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of leaves were increased by 14.81%,15.18%,21.45%,40.56%,60.05%,75.17%over CK,its fruit soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,vitamin C content,single melon weight and yield increased by 9.45%,54.02%,111.91%,12.34%,46.81%,respectively,compared with CK,respectively.In conclusion,T.asperellum agents by improving physiological characteristics of melon seedlings,promote seedling morphogenesis,this in turn improved fruit quality and yield,2.5×10^(5) cfu·g^(-1) T.asperellum agents was the most effective for application,important for ensuring high yield and quality production of melons.

关 键 词：甜瓜 棘孢木霉菌剂 生理特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]