穴贮砖对南疆沙地梨果实品质及土壤磷吸收转化的影响  

Effects of Hole Storage Bricks on Pear Fruit Quality and Soil Phosphorus Uptake and Transformation in the Sandy Areas of Southern Xinjiang Province

作　　者：张光鑫 李延树 张万栋 栾玉亮 邢振琨 于坤[1] ZHANG Guangxin;LI Yanshu;ZHANG Wandong;LUAN Yuliang;XING Zhenkun;YU Kun(Agricultural College,Shihezi University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003;Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Base of Hetian Minfeng Industrial Park,Hetian,Xinjiang 848500)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]和田民丰产业园现代农业科技示范基地,新疆和田848500

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第5期99-107,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：民丰产业园特色林果品种引进及高效栽培技术集成与示范资助项目(QS2022010);八师石河子市中青年科技创新骨干人才资助项目(2022RC01);兵团“强青”科技创新骨干人才计划资助项目(2023CB008-05);石河子大学科研计划资助项目(CXBJ202002,CXFZ202016)。

摘　　要：以‘爱宕’梨树为试材,设置穴贮砖施磷肥(TP)、穴贮砖不施磷肥(TF)、无穴贮砖施磷肥(NP)、无穴贮砖不施磷肥(NF)4个处理,研究了施加穴贮砖对南疆沙地‘爱宕’梨果实品质、植株全磷含量、土壤理化性质及磷吸收转化的影响,以期为穴贮滴灌技术在南疆沙地梨树生产中的应用提供参考依据。结果表明:TP、TF和NP处理均提高了‘爱宕’果实的单果质量、横纵径、可溶性固形物以及维生素C含量,降低了可滴定酸、石细胞含量和果肉硬度;增加了梨树新梢、叶片、细根和粗根4个部位的全磷含量。施加穴贮砖提高了0~60 cm土层一个灌水周期的土壤含水量,显著增加了各土层土壤的有机质含量,降低了土壤pH。此外,TP较NF处理能显著增加土壤的碱性磷酸酶活性,对0~20 cm土层的提升效果最显著,提高了40.57%;穴贮砖和施磷肥均能提高各土层的速效磷含量,其中TP处理促进效果最佳,在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层中较NF处理分别显著提高了15.27%、28.50%和58.68%。综上,施加穴贮砖对改善‘爱宕’梨树果实品质和土壤理化性质、提高植株全磷含量及土壤全磷转换为速效磷等均有促进作用,与施磷肥结合施用的效果最好。The‘Atago’pear tree was used as the test material,applying phosphorus fertilizer(TP)with cavity storage bricks,applying phosphorus fertilizer(TF)without cavity storage bricks,applying phosphorus fertilizer(NP)without cavity storage bricks and applying phosphorus fertilizer(NF)without cavity storage bricks were set up,the effects of applying cavity storage bricks on fruit quality,plant total phosphorus content,soil physicochemical properties and phosphorus absorption and transformation of the‘Atago’pear tree on sandy land of southern Xinjiang were studied,in order to provide reference for the application of cavity storage drip irrigation technology in the production of pear in the sandy areas of southern Xinjiang.The results showed that TP,TF and NP treatments increased the single fruit weight,transverse and longitudinal diameters,soluble solids and vitamin C contents of‘Atago’fruits,and decreased titratable acid,stone cell content and pulp hardness;and increased the total phosphorus contents of the new shoots,leaves,fine roots and coarse roots.The application of cavity storage bricks increased the soil water content of 0-60 cm soil layer in one irrigation cycle,significantly increased the organic matter content of the soil in each soil layer,and decreased the soil pH.In addition,TP significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the soil compared with the NF treatment,and had the most significant enhancement effect on the soil layer of 0-20 cm,with an increase of 40.57%;both the cavity storage bricks and the application of phosphorus fertilizers increased the quick-acting phosphorus content of the soil in each soil layer,with the TP treatment promoting the most significant effect.Among them,TP treatment had the best promotion effect,which was significantly increased by 15.27%,28.50%and 58.68%compared with NF treatment in 0-20,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers,respectively.In conclusion,the application of hole storage bricks had a promotional effect on improving the quality of‘Atago’pe

关 键 词：穴贮砖 果实品质 磷吸收转化 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]