四种土壤管理方式对野果林土壤含水量的影响  

Effects of Four Soil Management Methods on Soil MoistureContent in Wild Fruit Forest

作　　者：程功 刘红耀[2] 刘立强[1] 廖康[1] 曼苏尔·那斯尔 CHENG Gong;LIU Hongyao;LIU Liqiang;LIAO Kang;Mansur·NASIR(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052;Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Handan,Hebei 056000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]邯郸市农业科学院,河北邯郸056000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第5期108-114,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501504);新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院院级科研资助项目(6660216-2520HXKT1)。

摘　　要：以新疆新源县野果林土壤为研究试材,采用覆盖地膜、覆盖地布、生草、清耕4种土壤管理方式,通过EM50土壤水分监测系统对0~50 cm深度的土壤含水量进行连续监测,研究了不同深度土壤含水量的年变化规律,以期为优化调整种植模式和采取趋利避害的栽植管理措施,提高野生果树成活率和加快野果林恢复速度提供参考依据。结果表明:地表覆地膜、地布与生草年内均能提高不同土层土壤含水量,但影响的土层不一致,生草对于提高10 cm土层土壤含水量效果最好,分别高于覆地膜、覆地布和清耕3.4%、16.8%、18.8%。覆地膜和地布能提高20~50 cm土层土壤含水量,其中,覆地膜分别平均高于覆地布、生草和清耕8.8%、24.7%、36.5%。各管理方式对浅层土壤含水量的影响大于深层土壤,深层土壤对含水量的变化有较强的缓冲作用。综上,地表覆盖与生草能减缓各土层土壤水分的蒸发,但不同时期各种管理方式的土壤保湿效果不同,总体上各管理方式的保湿效果依次为覆地膜>覆地布>生草>清耕。Taking the soil of wild fruit forest in Xinyuan county of Xinjiang as the test material,the soil moisture content of 0-50 cm depth was continuously monitored by EM50 soil moisture monitoring system,and the annual variation law of soil moisture content at different depths was studied by using four soil management methods:plastic mulch,ground cloth,grow grass and weeding,in order to optimize and adjust the planting mode,adopt planting management measures that seek benefits and avoid harm,improve the survival rate of wild fruit trees,and provide reference for accelerating the recovery speed of wild fruit forests.The results showed that the soil moisture content in different soil layers could be improved by plastic mulch,ground cloth and grow grass during the year,but the effects of different soil layers were different.Growing grass had the best effect on improving soil water content in 10 cm soil layer,which was 3.4%,16.8%and 18.8%higher than that of plastic mulch,ground cloth and weeding respectively.Plastic mulch and ground cloth could increase the soil water content of 20-50 cm soil layer,among which,the average soil moisture content of plastic mulch was 8.8%,24.7%and 36.5%higher than that of ground cloth,grow grass and weeding respectively.The influence of different management methods on shallow soil moisture content was greater than that of deep soil,and deep soil had a strong buffering effect on the change of moisture content.Surface cover and grow grass could slow down the evaporation of soil moisture content in each soil layer,but the soil moisturizing effect of various management methods in different periods was different.In general,the moisturizing effect of each management method was as follows plastic mulch>ground cloth>grow grass>weeding.

关 键 词：新源野果林 土壤管理方式 含水量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]