我国光伏电站运行实践中相关技术问题分析  

Analysis of technical issues in the operation of photovoltaic power plants in China

作　　者：王圣 徐静馨[1,2,3] 姚杰 WANG Sheng;XU Jingxin;YAO Jie(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Physical Modeling and Pollution Control,China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210023,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Physical Modeling and Pollution Control,State Power Environmental Protection Research Institute,Nanjing 210031,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]低碳智能燃煤发电与超净排放全国重点实验室,国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,江苏南京210023 [2]国家环境保护大气物理模拟与污染控制重点实验室,国电环境保护研究院有限公司,江苏南京210031 [3]南京信息工程大学江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《新能源科技》2025年第1期14-21,共8页New Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发专项(2022YFC3701504);2025年国家能源集团科学技术研究院科技项目(D2025Y11)。

摘　　要：我国光伏发电装机容量已连续9年位居世界第一,成为我国构建新型电力系统的重要支柱。然而,伴随着光伏电站大规模建设与运行,一方面从行业角度给光伏产业带来了诸多挑战,另一方面从实际运行角度也存在较多故障。文章从资源环境、弃光现象、产能过剩、经济性和技术发展等5个方面剖析了光伏产业发展中面临的重要挑战,重点从光伏组件、逆变器和其他常见故障等3个方面重点阐述光伏电站在运行过程中遇到的常见故障及处理方法。文章对光伏电站155起日常故障进行统计分析,结果显示光伏组件故障占比最高,为53.5%;汇流箱、线缆、支架等其他故障占比34.8%;逆变器故障占比最小,为11.6%。研究结果为光伏产业的高效、稳定运行提供重要参考。China’s photovoltaic(PV)installed capacity has ranked first globally for nine consecutive years,as a critical pillar in building a new power system.However,during the large-scale construction of PV power plants,the industry faces numerous challenges,and operational failures are relatively frequent.This study analyzes key challenges in PV industry development from five aspects:resource and environmental constraints,curtailment of solar power,overcapacity,economic efficiency,and technology development.It focuses on common operational faults in PV power plants,categorized into three main areas:PV modules,inverters,and other common issues.Based on statistical analysis of 155 routine faults in PV power plants,the results show that PV module failures account for the highest proportion,at 53.5%;other faults,such as those involving combiner boxes,cables,and supports,account for 34.8%;while inverter failures represent the smallest proportion,at 11.6%.These findings provide valuable references for ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the PV industry.

关 键 词：光伏电站 光伏发电 故障判断 运行实践 挑战 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]