多重PCR技术在儿童常见呼吸道病原体检测中的应用价值  

The value of multiplex PCR for the detection of common respiratory pathogen infections in children

作　　者：顾午阳 方路 李亚梅 陈煜齐 Gu Wuyang;Fang Lu;Li Yamei;Chen Yuqi(Tongshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xuzhou 221110,China;Department of Inspection,Xuzhou First People’s Hospilal,Xuzhou 221002,China;Department of Inspection,Tongshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Xuzhou 221110,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州市铜山区疾病预防控制中心,徐州221110 [2]徐州市第一人民医院检验科,徐州221002 [3]徐州市铜山区妇幼保健院检验科,徐州221110

出　　处：《现代仪器与医疗》2025年第1期58-62,共5页Modern Instruments & Medical Treatment

摘　　要：目的探讨多重聚合酶链式反应(multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction,mPCR)技术在检测儿童常见呼吸道病原体感染中的应用价值。方法选取2023年5月—2024年5月徐州市铜山区妇幼保健院收治的因呼吸系统感染就诊的265例患儿的咽拭子样本。所有样本均采用多重PCR技术和直接免疫荧光法(Direct Immunofluorescence Assay,DFA)检测。比较多重PCR技术与直接免疫荧光技术在呼吸道病原体检测结果上的差异。结果265例患儿样本中,多重PCR检测阳性98例,阴性167例。DFA检测阳性81例,阴性184例。多重PCR检测阳性病例数显著高于DFA检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对比两种检测方法在各类病原体检测中的结果一致性,呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory Syncytial Virus,RSV)、甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus,FluA)、乙型流感病毒(influenza B virus,FluB)检测结果具有较高的一致性;腺病毒(adenovirus,ADV)、人副流感病毒Ⅰ型(Human Parainfluenza Virus 1,HPIV-1)及人副流感病毒Ⅲ型(Human Parainfluenza Virus 3,HPIV-3)的检测结果的一致性表现一般。多重PCR检测RSV、ADV、FluA、FluB、HPIV1、HPIV2及HPIV3的灵敏度、特异度和准确度均优于DFA检测。ROC分析结果显示,多重PCR检测对呼吸道病原体诊断效能优于DFA检测(P<0.05),多重PCR检测ROC曲线下面积为0.981,而DFA检测ROC曲线下面积为0.799。结论多重PCR技术能够同时检测多种病原体,还具备较高的诊断效率,在儿童常见呼吸道病原体感染的诊断中具有重要作用。Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of multiplex PCR for detecting common pathogens in children with respiratory infections.Methods We collected throat swab samples from 265 children with respiratory infections admitted to Tongshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Xuzhou between May 2023 and May 2024.These samples were tested using both multiplex PCR and direct immunofluorescence assay(DFA).Analyze the differences in detection results between multiplex PCR and DFA for respiratory pathogens.Results For the 265 pediatric samples,multiplex PCR detected 98 positive cases and 167 negative cases,while DFA identified 81 positive cases and 184 negative cases.The number of positive cases detected by multiplex PCR was significantly higher than those detected by DFA,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The detection results for RSV、FluA and FluB showed high consistency between the two methods.In contrast,the consistency of detection for ADV、PIV1 and PIV3 was ordinary.Multiplex PCR demonstrates superior sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy compared to DFA for the detection of RSV,ADV,FluA,FluB,HPIV1,HPIV2,and HPIV3.ROC analysis demonstrated that multiplex PCR exhibited superior diagnostic performance for respiratory pathogens compared to DFA(P<0.05).The AUC for multiplex PCR was 0.981,whereas for DFA,it was 0.799.Conclusion Multiplex PCR enables the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens with high diagnostic efficiency,which is crucial for accurately diagnosing common respiratory infections in children.

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 病原体 多重PCR技术 直接免疫荧光1 

分 类 号：TH77[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] R725.6[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]