电镀厂遗留地块土壤重金属污染分布特征及生态风险评价  

Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil of the Leftover Site of Electroplating Factory

作　　者：王媛 WANG Yuan(Shanghai Nanhuan Environmental Planning&Design Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai201101,China)

机构地区：[1]上海南环环境规划设计有限公司,上海201101

出　　处：《中国资源综合利用》2025年第2期157-162,共6页China Resources Comprehensive Utilization

摘　　要：以某电镀厂遗留地块土壤为研究对象,统计分析重金属含量,并结合ArcGIS中差值法分析土壤重金属的空间分布,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数、地累积污染指数法评价重金属污染土壤特征,结合潜在生态风险指数法进行土壤重金属生态风险评价。结果表明:土壤重金属含量随着土壤深度的加深逐渐降低,Cu、Cd、Ni和Pb的变异系数都大于1,属于强变异,可能受人为活动影响较大;土壤6种重金属的内梅罗综合污染指数(P_(N))平均值为0.458,地块内土壤基本清洁;重金属Ni为主要污染因素,达到轻污染程度。土壤重金属除了Ni的地累积污染指数(I_(geo))平均值表现为轻度污染,其余元素均表现为无污染。研究区呈现明显的点源污染,综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)平均值呈现中等潜在生态风险,主要潜在生态风险因子为Cu、Ni、Cd。本研究通过对重金属污染土壤分布特征和生态风险进行评价,为地块安全利用提供依据。Taking the soil left behind by a certain electroplating factory as the research object,the content of heavy metals was statistically analyzed,and the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the soil was analyzed using the ArcGIS difference method.The characteristics of heavy metal polluted soil were evaluated using the single factor pollution index method,Nemero comprehensive pollution index method,and ground accumulation pollution index method,and the potential ecological risk index method was used for soil heavy metal ecological risk assessment.The results showed that the content of heavy metals in soil gradually decreased with the deepening of soil depth,and the coefficients of variation of Cu,Cd,Ni,and Pb were all greater than 1,indicating strong variability,which may be greatly influenced by human activities.The average Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (P_(N)) of six heavy metals in the soil is 0.458,indicating that the soil in the plot is basically clean;The heavy metal Ni is the main pollutant,reaching a light pollution level.Soil heavy metals show mild pollution except for the average soil accumulation index (I_(geo)) of Ni,while all other elements show no pollution.The research area presents obvious point source pollution,and the average comprehensive potential ecological risk index (RI) shows moderate potential ecological risk.The main potential ecological risk factors are Cu,Ni and Cd.This study evaluates the distribution characteristics and ecological risks of heavy metal contaminated soil,providing a basis for the safe utilization of land parcels.

关 键 词：土壤 重金属 地累积污染指数法 内梅罗综合污染指数 潜在生态风险 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]