空间废水生物处理试验系统的构建与性能研究  

Construction and performance study of biological treatment experimental system for space wastewater

作　　者：张良长[1,2] 樊浩楠 杨京松 毛瑞鑫[1,2] 陈琳[2,3] 李英斌 Zhang Liangchang;Fan Haonan;Yang Jingsong;Mao Ruixin;Chen Lin;Li Yingbin(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [2]人因工程全国重点实验室,北京100094 [3]北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2025年第1期21-26,共6页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：人因工程全国重点实验室稳定支持经费项目(HFNKL2023WN03);拔尖创新团队扶持项目(先进环境控制与生命保障技术研发团队)。

摘　　要：目的针对废水生物处理技术应用于空间条件下的瓶颈问题,构建空间废水生物处理试验系统并考察试验系统生化性能,为空间废水生物处理提供技术支撑。方法构建基于膜曝气生物膜反应器(MABR)工艺的空间废水生物处理试验系统,并通过77 d连续流试验,研究聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和聚丙烯(PP)膜组件处理模拟空气冷凝水的生化性能。结果两个膜组件平均总有机碳(TOC)去除率均能维持在90%以上,具备良好的有机物去除能力;空气源供氧模式下氨氧化能力较低,而在氧气源无泡供氧模式下,能同步获得90%以上的氨氧化率和总氮去除率,表现出良好的同步硝化和反硝化性能;PP膜组件中氮素转化功能菌群丰度高于PVDF膜组件,具备更优的氮素转化性能。结论废水生物处理试验系统能较好地适应空气冷凝水的处理,为空间废水处理提供了新的技术途径。Objective To address the bottlenecks in the application of wastewater biological treatment technology under space conditions,an experimental system for the biological treatment of space wastewater was constructed and its biochemical performance examined.The findings of this study will provide technical support for the biological treatment of space wastewater.Methods Based on the Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor(MABR)process,a biological treatment experimental system for space wastewater was constructed and conducted the continuous flow test for 77 days to investigate the performance of PVDF and PP membrane modules in the treatment of simulated air condensate.Results The results demonstrated that both membrane modules exhibited an average TOC removal rate of 90%,indicative of their effective organic matter removal capacity.In the air supply mode,the ammonia oxidation capacity was observed to be comparatively lower,whereas in the oxygen source without bubbling mode,the nitrogen oxidation rate and total nitrogen removal rate could be attained above 90%,indicating a notable degree of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.The results demonstrated that the mode of gas supply had a significant impact on the nitrogen conversion performance.The abundance of nitrogen-converting bacteria in PP membrane module is higher than that in PVDF membrane module,indicating a better nitrogen-converting performance in PP membrane module.Conclusion The constructed wastewater biological treatment system is optimally suited for the treatment of air condensate,thereby offering a novel technical approach for space wastewater treatment.

关 键 词：环控生保 生物处理 水处理 膜曝气生物膜 空间废水 

分 类 号：V444.37[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]