超重环境对人的生理和认知负荷的影响研究进展  

Research progress on the effects of overweight environment on human physiological and cognitive load

作　　者：刘敏[1,2] 宫献文[1,2] 石玉生 李乃良 吴萍[1] 吴斌[1,2] 黄伟芬[1] Liu Min;Gong Xianwen;Shi Yusheng;Li Nailiang;Wu Ping;Wu Bin;Huang Weifen(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,BeiJing 100094,China;State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,BeiJing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学全国重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2025年第1期81-88,共8页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：高层次科技创新人才自主科研项目(超重环境下基于人的生理、情绪及认知能力的效能评估技术研究)。

摘　　要：超重对人体的生理、心理及绩效均会产生诸多影响。我国航天飞行任务越来越密集和复杂,且深空探测与近地轨道飞行存在较大差异,对航天员的情绪以及特殊环境下人机协同能力提出了前所未有的挑战。同样,随着高性能战斗机的不断发展,空战动作越来越复杂,飞机所产生的载荷也越来越大,对战斗机驾驶员的抗过载能力要求也越来越高。近年来,超重环境对人体生理影响的相关研究较为系统,但超重对认知负荷的影响的相关研究较少,相应的评价方法不够系统全面,机理性分析少,多模态的分析建模更少见。因此,后续应进一步开展超重环境对认知负荷的影响及评价技术相关的研究。本文能够为后续航天员和飞行员超重耐力选拔、适应性训练及相关实验研究提供参考。Exposure to acceleration can have Various effects on the physiology,psychology,and performance of human.With the increasing density and complexity of China’s space mission,and the significant differences between deep space exploration and near Earth orbit flight,unprecedented challenges have been posed to the emotions of astronauts and the ability of human-machine collaboration to complete complex operational tasks in special environments.Similarly,with the continuous development of high-performance fighter jets,air combat operation are becoming increasingly complex,and the payload generated by the aircraft is also increasing.The requirements for the anti-overload ability of fighter pilots are also becoming higher and higher.A review of recent studies on physiological and cognitive load of acceleration exposure on humans.The research on human physiology is relatively systematic,but there is limited research on cognitive load.The corresponding evaluation methods,assessment methods,and assessment systems are not comprehensive enough,and there is a lack of mechanistic analysis.Multimodal analysis and modeling are even rarer.Further in-depth research is needed on the cognitive load and evaluation techniques of overweight environment in the future.This article provides reference for the selection,adaptive training,and related experimental research of overweight endurance for astronauts and pilots in the future.

关 键 词：超重环境 生理 认知负荷 飞行员 航天员 

分 类 号：R852.22[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]