荒漠集中式光伏电站的气候生态影响机制与植被恢复模式  

Climate ecological impact mechanism and vegetation restoration modes of desert centralized photovoltaic power stations

作　　者：尚小伟 王云正 霍毅 时忠杰[2] 李瀚之 张华新[2] 郭浩[2] 张晓[2] SHANG Xiaowei;WANG Yunzheng;HUO Yi;SHI Zhongjie;LI Hanzhi;ZHANG Huaxin;GUO Hao;ZHANG Xiao(Northwest Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.of China Power Engineering Consulting Group,710075,Xi'an,China;Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,100093,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司,西安710075 [2]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第1期10-20,共11页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司科研项目“沙漠戈壁荒漠区太阳能电站生态治理技术研究”(XB1-HJ01-2022)。

摘　　要：荒漠区太阳能与土地资源丰富,将越来越成为集中式光伏电站建设的重点区域。荒漠区也是生态环境脆弱区,光伏电站对这一区域的气候生态影响至关重要。通过梳理荒漠区光伏电站对气候生态的影响、作用机制与植被恢复模式,发现光伏电站的气候效应主要为降低地表反照率、增加净辐射,白天对低层空气的增温降湿、降低风速、改变风向和发挥沙障效应;光伏电站对水文与土壤的影响为对表层土壤的降温增湿和减小蒸散发;整体上,光伏电站有利于土壤养分改良和植被恢复。文中从光伏电站对气候、水文和植被影响3个方面阐述其对荒漠区生态环境的作用机制。归纳出适宜于不同降雨量情形下的3种荒漠区光伏电站植被恢复模式,即自然恢复、人工种植恢复及草方格、人工种植与滴灌技术结合恢复。加强对荒漠光伏电站内能量与物质分配时空异质性的研究,有利于发展荒漠光伏电站植被恢复的新技术与新模式,进一步提升荒漠光伏电站的经济与生态效益。[Background]The desert area is rich in solar energy and land resources,where a large number of centralized photovoltaic power stations have been built and deployed.The ecological environment in desert area is fragile and susceptible to changes in land use patterns.Therefore,clarifying the impact of photovoltaic power station construction on local climate,hydrology,soil and vegetation is critical for developing the photovoltaic industry.However,currently related researches are relatively scattered,with results controversial.It is urgent to sort out the research on the climatic and ecological impacts of photovoltaic power stations in desert area,especially to clarify the ecological environment mechanism and ecological restoration mode of desert photovoltaic power stations.[Methods]This article mainly analyzed the impact of desert photovoltaic power stations on climate,hydrology,soil and vegetation through literature review.The literature was retrieved by inputting topics in CNKI and Web of Science,with"desert photovoltaic""photovoltaic ecology""photovoltaic climate""photovoltaic soil""photovoltaic plant"and"photovoltaic vegetation restoration"entered in sequence.Then we mainly selected journal articles and dissertations that closely focus on the impact of desert photovoltaic power stations on climate,ecology,soil and vegetation,ecological environment and vegetation restoration themes.Finally,sixteen international and 35 domestic papers or reports were used as references.[Results]1)The impact on climate is reducing surface albedo and increasing net radiation,increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity of lower air during daytime,as well as reducing wind speed and changing wind direction.2)The impact on hydrology and soil is redistributing precipitation due to interception and collection,cooling and humidifying the surface soil,increasing water content,and reducing evapotranspiration.3)The impact on vegetation is increasing the regional normalized vegetation index,vegetation coverage,species diversity and

关 键 词：光伏电站 气候 生态环境 植被恢复 荒漠区 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]