淤地坝建设对黄土高原植被恢复的促进作用  

Constructing check-dam accelerates restoration of vegetation on the Loess Plateau of China

作　　者：吴润祺 赵莹[2] 任宗萍[3] 王训诗 张春娜 徐向舟[1] WU Runqi;ZHAO Ying;REN Zongping;WANG Xunshi;ZHANG Chunna;XU Xiangzhou(School of Infrastructure Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,116024,Dalian,Liaoning,China;Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province,250013,Jinan,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower,Xi'an University of Technology,710048,Xi'an,China;Haihe River,Huaihe River and Xiaoqinghe River Basin Water Conservancy Management and Service Center of Shangdong Province,250100,Jinan,China;Gaomi Water Resources Bureau,261500,Gaomi,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学建设工程学院,辽宁大连116024 [2]山东省水利科学研究院,济南250013 [3]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安710048 [4]山东省海河淮河小清河流域水利管理服务中心,济南250100 [5]高密市水利局,山东高密261500

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第1期21-30,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“黄土高塬沟壑区植被对沟坡重力侵蚀作用机制研究”(52379060);省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室开放基金“黄土高原淤地坝建设与水资源的远程耦合关系”(2020KFKT-1)。

摘　　要：为研究退耕还林草工程中黄土高原淤地坝建设对植被恢复的影响及成因,基于Landsat的归一化植被指数(NDVI)遥感影像及土地利用数据集,以榆林市为例,利用线性回归分析和Mann-Kendall检验,分析各区(县)在不同淤地坝建设密度下的植被时空变化规律和不同坡度坡面上植被的恢复趋势。结果显示:1)淤地坝建设密度大的东南部区(县)植被恢复更快。各区(县)淤地坝建设密度与2003—2018年NDVI回归方程斜率间呈显著线性相关(R^(2)=0.84,P<0.001),米脂、绥德和佳县的淤地坝建设密度分别为0.976、1.393和1.217座/km^(2),对应的NDVI回归直线斜率分别为0.018 9、0.018 3和0.020 5;2)东南部区(县)NDVI极显著改善区域主要出现在坡地。2008—2013年佳县、米脂和绥德NDVI涨幅分别比2003—2008年高出0.068、0.087和0.028,佳县、米脂和绥德>15°坡NDVI极显著改善面积比例分别达到50%、41%和38%;3)淤地坝建设促进了周边区域坡耕地退耕。2006年起榆林市规划了60万亩以上新增坝地以应对粮食减产,在保障粮食安全的同时实现了坡耕地持续退耕。坡地NDVI的极显著改善是东南部区(县)植被恢复更快的主要原因。淤地坝建设通过促进坡耕地退耕加快了其植被恢复进程,保障了退耕还林草工程的可持续发展。[Background]On the Loess Plateau of China,the check-dam farmland,which has a remarkable impact on regional vegetation restoration,may effectively promote the return of sloping cropland to forest,and check-dam farmland may also significantly improve the land use structure in the area.The objective of this study is to demonstrate the influences and causes of check-dam construction on vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China under the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland.[Methods]As a case study in Yulin,a representative area with enormous check dams in the Loess Hill Ravine Region of the Loess Plateau,this study analyzed the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation under various densities of check dams in different districts/counties,and illustrated the trend to recover vegetation on slopes with different gradients based on the remote sensing images of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and land use which were obtained from the satellite Landsat.Some mathematical methods,e.g.,linear regression analysis and Mann-Kendall test,were also considerately used here.The results were shown as follows:[Results]1)Vegetation restoration was relatively fast in the southeastern region,where check dams were densely constructed.A significant 2 linear correlation,where R^(2)=0.84 and P<0.001,existed between the density of check-dam distribution and the slope of NDVI regression equation from 2003 to 2018 in each county.The densities of check dams in the southeastern Mizhi,Suide and Jiaxian were 0.976,1.393 and 1.217 check dams/km^(2),respectively.In proportion,the slopes of NDVI regression equations were 0.0189,0.0183 and 0.0205 in Mizhi,Suide and Jiaxian,respectively.2)The most significant improvement of NDVI in the southeastern districts/counties primarily occurred in the sloping area.The NDVI increased in Jiaxian,Mizhi and Suide from 2008 to 2013 were 0.068,0.087 and 0.028 higher than those from 2003 to 2008.At the same time,the percentages of the most significantly improved areas of NDVI on the

关 键 词：NDVI 植被恢复 淤地坝 坡耕地 退耕还林草 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]