黑土区坡耕地表层土壤抗冲性及团聚体流失特征  

The surface soil anti-scouribility and aggregate loss characteristics in cultivated land of the black soil area

作　　者：晏锦辉 王涵 赵怡凯 魏思雨 薛婷婷 付玉 YAN Jinhui;WANG Han;ZHAO Yikai;WEI Siyu;XUE Tingting;FU Yu(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,150040,Harbin,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第1期211-221,共11页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“黑土团聚体周转与微观结构变化的降雨驱动机制”(42207377);黑土地保护与利用全国重点实验室(筹)开放合作基金项目“水力作用下黑土团聚体结构演变的驱动机制”(2023HTDGZ-KF-02)。

摘　　要：为探明坡耕地表层土壤抗冲性及团聚体流失特征,以黑土坡耕地表层原状土(0~6 cm)为研究对象,通过室内模拟放水冲刷试验,在5种冲刷流量(6、12、18、24和30 L/min)条件下,探究土壤抗冲系数与冲刷历时、冲刷流量以及土壤团聚体流失特征之间的关系,以揭示黑土坡耕地表层土壤的抗冲性及放水冲刷前后对团聚体流失特征的影响。结果表明:1)整体上看,土壤流失总量随冲刷流量增大逐渐增加。不同冲刷流量条件下,土壤流失量随冲刷历时的延长呈指数函数递减。2)在冲刷流量6、12和18 L/min条件下,土壤抗冲系数随冲刷历时的延长呈幂函数递增。3)土壤团聚体流失特征受不同冲刷流量影响程度不同。整体上看,随着冲刷流量的增大,土壤团聚体稳定性逐渐下降,≤0.25 mm粒径团聚体质量分数逐渐增大。与此相反,>2 mm粒径团聚体质量分数呈逐渐减小的趋势。>0.5~1 mm团聚体为6、12、18 L/min冲刷流量下的主要流失粒径,流失比例为26.84%~29.66%。4)在冲刷流量6、12、18 L/min条件下,≤0.25 mm粒径团聚体质量分数较放水冲刷前分别增加2.49、14.17和4.18倍。结果还表明:随着冲刷流量的增大,黑土坡耕地表层土壤流失总量逐渐增加,土壤抗冲性越强,土壤团聚体稳定性逐渐下降。此外,3种冲刷流量下土壤抗侵蚀能力表现为6>12>18 L/min。研究结果可为明晰黑土坡耕地表层土壤抗冲性变化和农耕地利用提供参考。[Background]Soil erosion can cause the dispersion and breakdown of soil aggregates.One key indicator of soil erosion resistance is soil anti-scourability.In black soil regions,the surface soil of cultivated land is particularly vulnerable to the scouring effects of runoff.This runoff can further break down and disperse soil aggregates.Therefore,studying the soil’s anti-scourability,as well as the erosion characteristics of soil aggregates of different particle sizes in the surface soil of black soil cultivated land is essential.[Methods]To investigate the anti-scourability and aggregate loss characteristics of surface soil in cultivated land of the black soil area,the undisturbed soil(0-6 cm)was taken as the research object.The relationships between soil anti-scourability coefficient,scouring duration,scouring amount,and soil aggregate loss characteristics were explored,with 5 scouring amounts(6,12,18,24,and 30 L/min)under indoor simulated runoff scouring experiments.[Results]1)Overall,the total amount of soil loss gradually increased with the increase of scouring amount.The total amount of soil loss at a scouring amount of 18 L/min was 1.50 times that of 6 L/min.The soil loss decreased exponentially with decreasing scouring duration.2)Under the conditions of scouring amounts of 6,12,and 18 L/min,the soil anti-scourability coefficient increased as a power function with scouring duration.The soil anti-scourability coefficient was highest at a scouring amount of 18 L/min within 15 minutes,which was 2.01 and 1.38 times that at 12 and 6 L/min,respectively.3)The loss characteristics of soil aggregates were differently affected by the scouring amount.Overall,the stability of soil aggregates gradually decreased with the increase of scouring amount,and the mass percentage of≤0.25 mm aggregates gradually increased.Conversely,the mass percentage of>2 mm aggregates gradually decreased.The fraction size of 0.5-1 mm aggregate was the main lost fraction size under different scouring amounts,accounting for 26.84%-29.66%.4)C

关 键 词：土壤抗冲性 坡耕地 土壤抗冲系数 原状土 团聚体 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]