复合加工机床空间误差建模和参数识别  

Volumetric Error Modeling and Parameter Identification of A Compound Machine Tool

作　　者：吴迎春[1] 白永明[1] 沈建新[2] WU Yingchun;BAI Yongming;SHEN Jianxin(College of Electromechanical and Information Engineering,Wuxi Vocational Institute of Arts&Technology,Yixing 214206,Jiangsu,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210006,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡工艺职业技术学院机电与信息工程学院,江苏宜兴214206 [2]南京航空航天大学机电学院,南京210006

出　　处：《机械科学与技术》2025年第2期279-287,共9页Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering

基　　金：国家高档数控机床与基础制造装备科技重大专项(2014ZX04001071);江苏省职业教育线缆智能制造“双师型”名师工作室;江苏高校“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人(2021);江苏高校“青蓝工程”优秀教学团队(2024);无锡市职业教育吴迎春智能控制名师工坊项目。

摘　　要：对机身复合加工机床提出了一种空间误差运动学建模和提高其定位精度的系统方法。通过模型坐标系配置和角度误差转换矩阵设置使激光跟踪仪方便测量和辨识刀具点的位姿精度,并列出了机床零参考模型的理论运动学正解和辨识参数。通过L-M算法结合卡方数据拟合辨识得到了机床模型几何参数。参数识别值指出直线轴存在一定的角度误差,旋转轴也存在一定的角度误差和机床零件的装配误差。标定结果显示机床的定位误差和姿态误差平均值分别为0.034 2 mm和6.96×10^(-4)rad,比初始误差分别降低了82.6%和41.5%,说明机床的空间精度经过参数辨识得到较大幅度提升。本文提出的空间误差建模、精度检测和参数辩识等系统方法有助于特殊结构的机床提高空间定位精度。A systematic method of volumetric error kinematics modeling and improving its positioning accuracy is proposed for the fuselage compound machine tool.With the configuration of model frames and angle error conversion matrix setting,the position and orientation of the tool center point are measured conveniently by a laser tracker,and the theoretical forward kinematic solution and identification parameters of the machine model is provided.The model parameters of the machine are identified by the L-M algorithm combined with chi-square fitting.The parameter identification indicates that there is a certain angle error in the linear axis,a certain angle error in the rotary axis and assembly error of the machine parts.The calibration result shows that the average position and orientation error of the machine tool are 0.0342 mm and 6.96×10^(-4) rad,respectively,which are 82.6%and 41.5%lower than the initial error,indicating that the volumetric accuracy of the machine tool has been greatly improved by parameter identification.The systematic method of volumetric error modeling,accuracy measurement and parameter identification proposed in this paper are helpful to improve the volumetric positioning accuracy of machine tools with special structure.

关 键 词：复合加工机床 零参考模型 空间误差 参数识别 激光跟踪仪 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]