爆破地震波中P波及S波初至自动识别方法  

Automatic identification method for P-wave and S-wave first arrival in blasting seismic waves

作　　者：孔凌浩 严鹏[1,2] 刘晓[1,2] 周朝 张翔宇 卢文波 KONG Linghao;YAN Peng;LIU Xiao;ZHOU Chao;ZHANG Xiangyu;LU Wenbo(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]武汉大学水工岩石力学教育部重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第5期253-262,共10页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52379108,51939008);国防基础科研计划项目(JCKY2018110C162);2023年度湖北省博士后创新研究岗位(325469)。

摘　　要：快速、准确识别爆破地震波中不同波形成分的初至时刻,对于能量特性及频率特性的分析、波速计算、爆破振动效应的精确控制及岩体动力学参数的反演至关重要。通过分析爆破地震波的传播规律和能量、频率特性,改进现有的P波初至识别方法—短时窗平均/长时窗平均算法和S波初至识别方法—特征函数法,提出了爆破地震波初至时刻自动识别新方法,并开展爆破试验进行验证。结果表明:与人工识别P波初至时刻相比,该研究所提识别方法P波初至时刻识别最大误差为0.3 ms,平均误差为0.1 ms;S波初至时刻识别特征函数峰值更为明显,能提高自动识别效率。该识别方法误差较低,能有效识别爆破地震波P、S波初至时。It is crucial to quickly and correctly identify first arrival times of different waveform components in blasting seismic waves for analyses of energy and frequency characteristics,wave velocity calculation,precise control of blasting vibration effects and inversion of rock body dynamic parameters.Here,by analyzing propagation law,energy and frequency characteristics of blasting seismic waves,the existing P-wave first arrival recognition method,i.e.,short term average/long term average algorithm and S-wave first arrival recognition method,i.e.,feature function method were improved,a new method for automatic recognition of blasting seismic wave first arrival time was proposed.It was verified with blasting tests.The results showed that compared with the results obtained using the manual identification of P-wave first arrival time,the maximum error of P-wave first arrival time identification using the proposed identification method is 0.3 ms,and the average error is 0.1 ms;compared to the recognition of feature function peak value for S-wave first arrival time,the advantage of the proposed method is more obvious,it can improve efficiency of automatic recognition;this identification method has lower error and can effectively identify first arrival times of blasting seismic waves of P-wave and S-wave.

关 键 词：爆破振动 初至到时 振动控制 岩石爆破 

分 类 号：O319.56[理学—一般力学与力学基础]