碳-电多类型市场耦合环境下互联数据中心的用能双层优化模型  

Energy consumption bi-level optimal model of internet data center under carbon-electricity multi-type market coupling environment

作　　者：王雨欣 叶承晋[1] 范俊秋 唐学用 WANG Yuxin;YE Chengjin;FAN Junqiu;TANG Xueyong(School of Electrical Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;Guizhou Power Grid Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学电气工程学院,浙江杭州310027 [2]贵州电网有限责任公司,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《供用电》2025年第3期58-67,共10页Distribution & Utilization

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2024]一般053);国家自然科学基金面上项目“考虑与新型基础设施耦合互动的城市电网应灾策略优化研究”(52477131)。

摘　　要：数据中心作为数据存储、处理和传输的核心基础设施,近年来发展迅速,且呈现出广域互联的趋势。一方面,数据中心的用电量大,导致了大量间接碳排放。另一方面,互联数据中心的任务负载具有时空可转移特性,且配备储能、柴油发电机等冗余后备电源,具备较高的用电灵活性。因此,在电力市场化改革背景下,互联数据中心参与电能量市场、辅助服务市场以及碳市场的潜力和需求日益凸显。基于上述分析,提出碳-电市场环境下互联数据中心的双层优化调度模型。首先,对互联数据中心用电需求进行分析,精确量化评估其用电可调节空间;其次,考虑奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制,对互联数据中心的碳排放成本进行核算;最后,构建了碳-电市场环境下互联数据中心的双层优化模型,并结合算例进行仿真,验证所提模型可降低互联数据中心用能成本、提升环境效益。As the core infrastructure of data storage,processing and transmission,data centers have developed rapidly in recent years,and show a trend of wide-area interconnection.On the one hand,the large power consumption of data centers produces a lot of indirect carbon emissions.On the other hand,the task load of the Internet data center(IDC)has the characteristics of spatio-temporal flexibility,and is equipped with redundant and backup power supplies such as energy storage and diesel generators,which has high power flexibility.Therefore,in the context of electricity market reform,it is feasible and necessary for IDCs to participate in electricity energy,auxiliary services and carbon markets.Based on the above analysis,this paper proposes a bi-level optimal scheduling model for IDCs in carbon-electricity market environment.Firstly,the electricity demand of the IDC is analyzed to accurately quantify the adjustable space of its electricity.Then,considering the reward and punishment ladder carbon trading,IDC's carbon emission cost is calculated.Finally,IDC's bi-level optimal model in the carbon-electricity market environment is constructed,and the simulation is carried out in combination with a numerical example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model in reducing IDC's energy consumption cost and improving the environmental benefit.

关 键 词：互联数据中心 碳排放 时空可调特性 双层优化模型 电力市场 碳市场 

分 类 号：TM72[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]