超高速激光熔覆技术研究现状与进展  

Current Research Status and Progress of Ultra-high-speed Laser Cladding Technology

作　　者：黎小辉 谢俊杰 李福球 朱晖朝 黎运宇[4] Li Xiaohui;Xie Junjie;Li Fuqiu;Zhu Huichao;Li Yunyu(School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation,Foshan University,Foshan,Guangdong 528225,China;Guangdong Yueke New Material Technology Co.,Ltd,Foshan,Guangdong 528200,China;Foshan Taoyuan Institute of Advanced Manufacturing,Foshan,Guangdong 528200,China;School of Mathematics and Electronic Information Engineering,Guangxi Minzu Normal University,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532200,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山大学机电工程与自动化学院,广东佛山528225 [2]广东粤科新材料科技有限公司,广东佛山528200 [3]佛山桃园先进制造研究院,广东佛山528200 [4]广西民族师范学院数理与电子信息工程学院,广西崇左532200

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2025年第4期14-23,共10页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：广东省自然资源厅科技计划项目(粤自然综合[2024]32号);广东省科技厅科技计划项目(2022A0505050081);粤港澳大湾区(佛山)先进制造业国家卓越工程师创新研究院项目(2023FCXM006)。

摘　　要：在车辆制造、石油化工、海洋工程等行业中,机械设备零部件常遭受磨损和腐蚀的侵袭,进而显著缩短了其使用寿命。为有效延长这些零部件的服役期限,表面改性技术,特别是超高速激光熔覆技术,成为一种有效的解决方案。相比于传统的涂层技术,超高速激光熔覆凭借其高效的熔覆速率和优良的熔覆质量,能够避免过高的热输入对基体材料造成的损伤,受到了众多研究者的广泛关注。该技术能够在较低的热输入条件下,确保涂层与基体之间形成良好的冶金结合,同时促进微观结构的细化和成分的均匀分布。其工艺参数,如激光功率、扫描速度、送粉率和搭接率,对涂层的质量和性能具有重要影响。不同的涂层材料,包括合金粉末、高熵合金粉末、非晶粉末和复合粉末,依据具体应用需求及基体材料的特性进行选择。涂层缺陷,如气孔和裂纹,常与工艺参数的选择和熔覆层与基体之间的热膨胀系数差异有关。从工艺参数优化、材料体系选择和缺陷类型分析等多个维度,系统阐述超高速激光熔覆技术的最新研究进展,总结了各种涂层材料的主要特点,探讨工艺参数对涂层性能的影响和分析涂层缺陷的形成机理。In industries such as vehicle manufacturing,petrochemical,and marine engineering,mechanical components are frequently subjected to wear and corrosion,which significantly reduces their service life.To extend the service life of these components,surface modification technologies,particularly ultra-high-speed laser cladding,are increasingly adopted as effective solutions.Compared to traditional coating technologies,ultra-high-speed laser cladding is recognized for its high cladding rate and excellent coating quality,while avoiding damage to the substrate material caused by excessive heat input.As a result,this technique has attracted widespread attention from researchers.A good metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate is ensured under lower heat input conditions,and the refinement of microstructure and the uniform distribution of components are promoted.The process parameters of ultra-high-speed laser cladding,including laser power,scanning speed,powder feed rate,and overlap rate,are considered critical in determining the coating's quality and performance.Various coating materials,such as alloy powders,high-entropy alloy powders,amorphous powders,and composite powders,are selected based on specific application requirements and the properties of the substrate materials.Coating defects,such as porosity and cracks,are often associated with the choice of process parameters and differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the coating and the substrate.The optimization of process parameters,the selection of appropriate materials,and the control of cooling rates are identified as key factors in reducing defects and improving coating quality.In this review,the latest research advancements in ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology are systematically discussed from multiple perspectives,including process parameter optimization,material system selection,and defect analysis.The main characteristics of various coating materials are summarized,the impact of process parameters on coating performa

关 键 词：超高速激光熔覆 涂层 工艺参数 组织结构 材料体系 缺陷 

分 类 号：TG178[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]