中天山PM_(2.5)中重金属和多环芳烃污染特征、来源及健康风险评价  

Characteristics,sources and health risk assessment of PM_(2.5)-bound heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution in middle Tianshan Mountains

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作  者:柴明辰 徐国杰 甄钟秀 银燕[1] 郑博华 陈魁[5] 李斌[3,4] 李圆圆 CHAI Mingchen;XU Guojie;ZHEN Zhongxiu;YIN Yan;ZHENG Bohua;CHEN Kui;LI Bin;LI Yuanyuan(China Meteorological Administration Aerosol-Cloud and Precipitation Key Laboratory,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,Inner Mongolia,China;Weather Modification Office of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Weather Modification Engineering Technology Research Centre,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China;School of Emergency Management,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区:[1]南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区人工影响天气办公室,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [4]新疆人工影响天气工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [5]南京信息工程大学应急管理学院,江苏南京210044

出  处:《干旱区地理》2025年第3期391-404,共14页Arid Land Geography

基  金:国家自然科学基金(42006190)资助。

摘  要:为了了解中天山PM_(2.5)的污染特征,于2019年7—9月在中天山乌拉斯台地区采集了PM_(2.5)样品,分别使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析了PM_(2.5)中重金属和多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,并对PM_(2.5)中重金属和PAHs来源和健康效应进行了研究。结果表明:(1)中天山夏秋季PM_(2.5)中重金属和PAHs浓度总体偏低;重金属总平均浓度为238.50 ng·m^(-3),各元素平均浓度水平为Fe>Cu>Zn>Pb>Mn>Cr>As>V>Rb>Ni>Co>Se>Cd>Tl,除Fe(139.90 ng·m^(-3))和Cu(78.72 ng·m^(-3))外其余元素平均浓度均在10 ng·m^(-3)以下;PAHs总平均浓度为1.37 ng·m^(-3),3环、4环和5~7环的浓度占比分别为3.59%、32.34%和64.07%。(2)观测期间PM_(2.5)主要受到来自西部的长距离输送和来自北部与西部的短距离输送影响,还可能受山谷风和边界层变化的影响。(3)正矩阵因子分析(PMF)得到污染源为天然气燃烧与石油源(28.56%)、机动车排放和燃煤(28.46%)、生物质燃烧和工业污染(16.14%)、有色金属冶炼(14.32%)和扬尘(12.52%)。(4)经呼吸道途径直接吸入PM_(2.5)中重金属和PAHs对成人和儿童存在一定的致癌风险,非致癌健康风险较低;存在致癌风险的单体是Cr、Co、As、Se元素,其余物质健康风险较低。To investigate the pollution characteristics of PM_(2.5) in the middle Tianshan Mountains,PM_(2.5) samples were collected in Wulasitai region of the middle Tianshan Mountains from July to September 2019.Heavy metal contents were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The study explored the sources and health effects of heavy metals and PAHs in PM_(2.5).The key results are as follows:(1)Concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs during summer and autumn in the middle Tianshan Mountains were relatively low.The average concentration levels of each element were:Fe>Cu>Zn>Pb>Mn>Cr>As>V>Rb>Ni>Co>Se>Cd>Tl.The total average heavy metal concentration was 238.50 ng·m^(-3),with Fe(139.90 ng·m^(-3))and Cu(78.72 ng·m^(-3))being dominant,while other elements were below 10 ng·m^(-3).The total average concentration of PAHs was 1.37 ng·m^(-3),with 3-ring,4-ring,and 5-7 ring PAHs concentration accounting for 3.59%,32.34%,and 64.07%,respectively.(2)During the observation period,PM_(2.5) was influenced by long-distance transport from the west and short-distance transport from the north and west.It may also have been affected by local valley wind and boundary layer changes.(3)Positive matrix factorization(PMF)identified key pollution sources,including natural gas combustion and petroleum sources(28.56%),vehicle emissions and coal burning(28.46%),biomass burning and industrial pollution(16.14%),non-ferrous metal smelting(14.32%),and dust(12.52%).(4)Direct inhalation of PM_(2.5) posed a carcinogenic risk to adults and children due to heavy metals and PAHs,with Cr,Co,As,and Se identified as high-risk substances.Non-carcinogenic health risks were relatively low.

关 键 词:PM_(2.5) 重金属 多环芳烃 污染特征 来源解析 中天山 

分 类 号:X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X513

 

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