生态环境损害刑民交叉案件的司法处理与路径优化——以法秩序统一性原理为视角  

Judicial handling and path optimization of criminal and civil cross cases of ecological and environmental damage:From the perspective of the principle of unity of law and order

作　　者：黄昊 李佩霖 HUANG Hao;LI Peilin(Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报(社会科学)》2025年第2期194-203,共10页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“陆海统筹生态环境治理法律制度研究”(21A2D062)。

摘　　要：刑民交叉案件长期以来都是司法审理的难点问题。生态环境损害刑民交叉案件存在先刑后民、刑民一体、先民后刑3种司法处理模式。3种司法处理模式均存在不足,先刑后民无法兼顾前置法出罪、民事优先赔偿等问题,刑民一体使民事程序受到刑事程序的不当干预,先民后刑则无法回应民刑对于事实认定的差异。究其本质,生态环境损害刑民交叉案件司法处理障碍源自刑事法与民事法在理论与实践上的分离。法秩序统一性原理能够使刑事法与民事法重新回归统一法秩序之中,以法秩序统一性原理为理论基础提出生态环境损害刑民交叉案件司法处理新模式,这一新模式具体表现为以实现制度目标为前提灵活采用刑民审理顺序、灵活协调刑民程序事项等内容。For a long time,the criminal and civil cross cases have been a difficult problem in judicial trial.There are three modes of judicial treatment for the criminal and civil cross cases of ecological and environmental damage:criminal-case-first and civil-case-second treatment,the integration of criminal-case and civil-case treatment,and civil-case-first and criminal-case-second treatment.There are shortcomings in all the three modes of judicial treatment.criminal-case-first and civil-case-second treatment can not take into account the problems of the previous conviction,civil priority compensation,etc.,the integration of criminal-case and civil-case treatment makes the civil procedure subject to improper interference in the criminal procedure,and civil-case-first and criminal-case-second treatment can not respond to the difference in the recognition of facts by the criminal and civil.In essence,the obstacles to the judicial treatment of criminal and civil cross-cases of ecological and environmental damage are derived from the separation of criminal laws and civil laws in theory and practice.The principle of the unity of law and order can make criminal laws and civil laws return to the unity of legal order.The principle of the unity of legal order as the theoretical basis can put forward a new judicial treatment model for criminal and civil cross cases of ecological environmental damage.This new model is embodied in the flexible adoption of the criminal and civil trial sequence and the flexible coordination of criminal and civil procedural matters on the premise of achieving the goals of the system.

关 键 词：刑民交叉 生态环境损害 法秩序统一性 协同 公益诉讼 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D924[政治法律—法学] D922.68