喀斯特山地城市热环境时空演变及其土地利用响应——以贵阳市为例  

Spatial-Temporal Evolution of the Thermal Environment and Its Land Use Response in Karst Mountainous Cities:Taking Guiyang City as an Example

作　　者：熊琼兵 吴学成 唐明贵 XIONG Qiongbing;WU Xuecheng;TANG Minggui(School of Tourism Management,Guizhou University of Commerce,Guiyang 550014,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州商学院旅游管理学院,贵阳550014

出　　处：《内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期88-99,共12页Journal of Inner Mongolia University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划课题(21GZZD13)。

摘　　要：随着城市化和工业化的加快,城市热环境越来越恶化,在此背景下,研究不同时期的城市热环境时空演变与土地利用的影响对防范热射病发生、改善人居环境质量和缓解措施制定具有重要意义。基于2002、2011和2019年3期的Landsat遥感卫星数据,在反演贵阳市中心城区地表温度(LST)的基础上,剖析城市热环境空间分布特征、发展方向和运动轨迹,再从土地利用的类型、结构和格局三个视角,解析LST对土地利用的响应。结果表明:(1)土地利用空间格局显著改变,热环境空间布局呈现不规则分布,且从建成区向四周辐射。热岛区多分布于云岩区、南明区及其白云区的建成区,冷岛区主要分布于水域、林地和草地区域。热岛区的空间发展主轴保持在西南-东北方向,且扩张方向与建成区的扩张方向基本一致。(2)“热岛”现象加剧,呈现“上升-下降”模式。2002-2011年、2011-2019年和2002-2019年热岛区的面积分别增加了103.85km^(2)、-10.61km^(2)和40.62km^(2)。(3)LST不仅受土地利用类型、结构和格局三者的影响,而且伴随城市化的加快,土地利用格局对LST的影响越来越强。从时序来看,除草地外,其他地类的LST均升高,建设用地、耕地和草地的贡献指数呈现“上升-下降”模式。热岛区的建设用地占比增加,耕地减少,林地增加。随时间推移,斑块密度、最大斑块指数、香农多样性指数和蔓延度指数对LST的综合影响越来越强。Urbanization and industrialization are worsening the urban thermal environment,leading to increased heat stroke incidents and poor human settlement quality.Understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of the urban thermal environment and the impact of land use is crucial for developing mitigation measures.We analyzed the spatial distribution,development direction,and trajectory of the urban thermal environment.We aimed to explore the response of LST to land use type,structure,and pattern.Using Landsat data from 2002,2011,and 2019,we retrieved the land surface temperature(LST)in central Guiyang City.The results showed:(1)The spatial pattern of land use had changed significantly.The thermal environmental spatial distribution was irregular,radiating from the built-up area to surrounding areas.Heat islands were mainly in the built-up areas of Yunyan,Nanming,and Baiyun districts.Cold islands were mainly in water bodies,forests,and grasslands.The main development axis of heat island was in the southwest-northeast direction,consistent with the built-up area's expansion.(2)The heat island effect intensified,showing an'up-down'pattern.The heat island area increased by 103.85 km^(2) from 2002 to 2011,decreased by 10.61 km^(2) from 2011 to 2019,and increased by 40.62 km^(2) from 2002 to 2019.(3)LST was influenced by land use type,structure,and pattern.With urbanization,the impact of land use patterns on LST grew stronger.Over time,LST increased for all land types except grassland,and the contribution index for construction land,cultivated land,and grassland showed an'up-down'pattern.In the heat island area,the proportion of construction land increased,cultivated land decreased,and forest land increased.The impact of patch density,largest patch index,Shannon's diversity index,and contagion index on LST also grew stronger over time.

关 键 词：地表温度 城市热岛 时空演变 土地利用 贵阳市 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]