固沙材料研究现状与前景展望  

Research Status and Utilization Prospect of Sand-Fixation Materials

作　　者：潘霞 王祯仪 王敬安 高博文 赵欣蕊 PAN Xia;WANG Zhenyi;WANG Jingan;GAO Bowen;ZHAO Xinrui(College of Resources and Environmental Economics,Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics,Inner Mongolia Industrial Development Research Base,Hohhot 010070,China;College of Statistics and Mathematics,Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics,Hohhot 010070,China;Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District of Water Conservancy Development Center with Ulan Buh Sub-Center,Bayannur 015200,China;College of Desert Control,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古财经大学资源与环境经济学院,内蒙古产业发展研究基地,呼和浩特010070 [2]内蒙古财经大学统计与数学学院,呼和浩特010070 [3]内蒙古河套灌区水利发展中心乌兰布和分中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015200 [4]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期100-112,共13页Journal of Inner Mongolia University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：内蒙古高等学校碳达峰碳中和研究专项(STZX202309);2023年度内蒙古产业发展研究基地项目(2023YB008);2024年度自治区“五大任务”研究专项(NCXWD2416);内蒙古财经大学2023年度党建带团建研究专项(DTY2322)。

摘　　要：固沙材料在防止沙漠化扩张、促进植被恢复、调节气候、保障基础设施安全、拓展土地资源以及保护水资源等方面具有关键作用,对生态、经济和社会的可持续发展意义重大。本文对目前常见的工程固沙、生物固沙和化学固沙三大固沙措施的固沙材料进行分类归纳,对固沙材料的固沙机理、使用限制进行了重点分析,并获得以下认识:1)工程固沙是通过在沙地或沙丘表面设置沙障达到减弱地表风沙流强度从而实现防风固沙的目的,效果显著,但成本高且与环境相容性差,尤其在风沙严重区,该措施只能作为临时性固沙措施。2)生物固沙是通过封育和栽种耐旱植物或培育固沙微生物等方式,提高沙区环境质量和生产潜力的一种应用最为普遍的技术措施,但是需水量较大,试验证明该措施可作为根本性固沙措施。3)化学固沙是通过化学黏结材料将松散的沙土黏结在一起,形成固结层,从而阻止风力对沙粒的吹扬和搬运。该措施成本低廉、施工简便,但固沙周期短,且多数化学固沙剂存在高毒性、环境可降解性差等问题,至今也未能普遍应用。此外,固沙材料发展前景表现为:1)加快研发“低消耗、高效率、易实现”的防沙治沙新材料、新技术是新时代防沙治沙绿色升级关键技术研发的优先发展方向;2)利用内蒙古的风能和太阳能等优势资源,配套协调性好、作业质量高、舒适度和安全性最优的治沙机械化设备才能适应市场竞争,满足新时代需求;3)积极参与国际荒漠化防治工作,并向主导地位奋进,积极提高我国在荒漠化防治领域的国际知名度,向世界传递“中国智慧”。Sand-fixing materials play a key role in preventing the expansion of desertification, promoting vegetation restoration, regulating climate, ensuring infrastructure security, expanding land resources, and protecting water resources, and are of great significance to the sustainable development of ecology, economy, and society.Based on this, this paper classifies and summarizes the sand-fixing materials of the three common sand-fixing measures, namely engineering sand fixation, biological sand fixation, and chemical sand fixation, and focuses on analyzing the sand-fixing mechanism and use restrictions of sand-fixing materials.The conclusions are as follows: 1) Engineering sand fixation reduces the intensity of surface wind-driven sand flow by setting sand barriers on the dunes' surface, thus achieving the purpose of wind-driven sand fixation.The effect is remarkable, but the cost is high and the environmental compatibility is poor.Especially in areas with severe wind-driven sand, this measure can only be used as a temporary sand fixation measure.2) Biological sand fixation is one of the most widely used technical measures to improve the environmental quality and production potential of sandy areas by sealing and planting drought-tolerant plants or cultivating sand-fixation microorganisms.However, it requires a large amount of water, and experiments have proved that this measure can be used as a fundamental sand fixation measure.3) Chemical sand fixation is to bond loose sand together through chemical bonding materials to form a consolidated layer, to prevent the wind from blowing and transporting sand particles.This measure is cheap and easy to construct.Still, the sand fixation period is short, and most chemical sand fixation agents have high toxicity, poor environmental degradability, and other problems, so it is not widely used today.In addition, it is indicated in the outlook that: 1) Accelerating the research and development of new materials and technologies of "low consumption, high efficiency, and easy realiz

关 键 词：固沙材料 工程固沙 生物固沙 化学固沙 荒漠化防治 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]