1998—2022年湖北省生态环境状况时空变化特征及影响因素分析  

Spatio-Temporal Changes Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Ecological Quality Status in Hubei Province from 1998 to 2022

作　　者：张媛 昌维 熊晶 聂莹晖 程继雄 ZHANG Yuan;CHANG Wei;XIONG Jing;NIE Yinghui;CHENG Jixiong(Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430060,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省生态环境监测中心站,湖北武汉430060

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2025年第1期34-41,共8页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：湖北省生态环境厅环保科研项目(2021HB-ZC06);国家国防科工局高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项(81-Y50G20-9001-22/23)。

摘　　要：以长江流域重要省份湖北省为研究区,综合利用土地利用类型、降水量、水土流失和污染物排放量等相关统计数据,根据《生态环境状况评价技术规范》(HJ 192—2015),对1998—2022年湖北省生态环境状况的时空格局及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:①湖北省总体生态环境状况良好,94个县区的生态环境状况达优良等级,占湖北省国土总面积的99.68%;②从长时序数据来看,湖北省生态环境状况整体呈显著趋好态势(P<0.05),主要是由于湖北省植被覆盖度不断增加,且水土保持工作和污染防控工作成效明显;③从5个分指数的贡献值来看,生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数决定着湖北省生态环境状况指数的高低,而生态环境状况指数的变化则主要受到水网密度指数(80.60%)和以生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数为代表的自然生境类指数(43.56%)的变化的影响;④改善区域生态状况的关键是提高植被覆盖度和生物丰度,但也需要进一步降低土地胁迫程度和污染负荷压力,因而持续采取科学的林地保育和物种保护策略以及扎实的污染防控和水土保持措施,是提升区域生态环境状况的重要有效手段。Based on the statistical data of land use type,precipitation,water and soil loss and pollutant discharge,the spatiotemporal trends and influencing factors of ecological quality status in Hubei from 1998 to 2022 were analyzed according to the Technical Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation(HJ 192-2015).The findings revealed the following:①Hubei Province showed a good overall ecological condition,with 94 counties and districts exhibiting an Ecological Index as excellent or good level,accounting for 99.68%of the regional area.②In the long time series,the overall ecological quality status of Hubei Province showed a significant trend of improvement(P<0.05),mainly due to the continuous increase of vegetation coverage,and the obvious results of soil and water conservation and pollution prevention and control.③The general level of Ecological Indexes was primarily determined by the Biological Richness Index and the Vegetation Coverage Index,while temporal trends in it were significantly influenced by variations in the Water Network Denseness Index(80.60%)and the Natural Habitat Type Index(43.56%),which is indicated by the Biological Richness Index and Vegetation Coverage Index.④The key points to enhancing the regional ecological condition are the improvements in vegetation coverage and biological richness.However,it also requires a concurrent reduction in soil stress levels and pollution load pressures.Consequently,strategic measures like forest conservation,species protection,and pollution prevention and control,as well as soil and water conservation,are effective strategies to elevate the regional ecological status.

关 键 词：湖北省 生态环境状况 时空变化 影响因素 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]