不同水期东江干流浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系  

Phytoplankton Community Structural Characteristics and Its Relationship with Water Environmental Factors in the Main Stream of Dongjiang River During Different Water Periods

作　　者：周铭浩 李彤 邓滢 叶四化 张家卫 黄少峰 林学明 ZHOU Minghao;LI Tong;DENG Ying;YE Sihua;ZHANG Jiawei;HUANG Shaofeng;LIN Xueming(Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center,Guangzhou 510308,China;Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center,South China Sea Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510611,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省生态环境监测中心,广东广州510308 [2]生态环境部珠江流域南海海域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心,广东广州510611 [3]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2025年第1期121-133,共13页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：广东省省级科技计划项目(2022B0202160007);广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515010807);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B1111350001)。

摘　　要：为探究东江干流浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系,于2022年1月(枯水期)和2022年7月(丰水期)对东江干流29个断面开展了浮游植物和水环境因子调查,对比了枯水期与丰水期浮游植物群落种类组成、优势种、密度、生物量、多样性指数的变化特征,采用Pearson相关性分析及冗余分析方法研究了水环境因子[水温(WT)、pH、溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、浊度(TUR)、透明度(SD)]对东江干流浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明:东江干流枯、丰水期浮游植物群落结构主要为绿藻-硅藻型,枯水期浮游植物种类数(7门186种)高于丰水期(7门181种)。全年优势种共有6种,为空球藻(Eudorina elegans)、普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)和隐藻(Cryptomonas sp.),其中枯水期优势种有3种,丰水期优势种有4种。丰水期浮游植物密度和生物量(8.09×10^(7)cells/L,130.06 mg/L)分别为枯水期(2.57×10^(7)cells/L,40.04 mg/L)的3.1倍和3.2倍。浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)分析结果显示,丰水期生物多样性高于枯水期,研究断面的水质总体处于轻度~中污染状态。单因素方差分析(ANOVA)结果显示,不同水期的WT、pH、DO、TN、TUR存在显著差异。Pearson相关性分析及冗余分析结果表明,WT、DO、TUR是东江干流浮游植物群落结构的主要水环境影响因子。To explore the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with water environmental factors in the main stream of Dongjiang River,phytoplankton and water environmental factors were investigated in 29 sections of the main stream of Dongjiang River in January 2022(dry season)and July 2022(wet season).Variation characteristics of species composition,dominant species,density,biomass and diversity index of phytoplankton community in dry and wet season were compared.Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA)were used to study the effects of water environmental factors such as water temperature(WT),pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),permanganate index(COD_(Mn)),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),turbidity(TUR)and transparency(SD)on the phytoplankton community structure in the main stream of Dongjiang River.The results showed that the phytoplankton species in the dry and wet seasons of the Dongjiang River were mainly green algae-diatom type,and the number of phytoplankton species in dry season(7 phyla,186 species)was higher than that in wet season(7 phyla,181 species).There were 6 dominant species in the whole year,which were Eudorina elegans,Chlorella vulgaris,Melosira granulata,Cyclotella sp.,Pseudanabaena sp.,and Cryptomonas sp.,including 3 dominant species in dry season and 4 dominant species in wet season.Density and biomass of phytoplankton in wet season(8.09×10^(7)cells/L,130.06 mg/L)were 3.1 and 3.2 times higher than those in dry season(2.57×10^(7)cells/L,40.04 mg/L),respectively.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),Pielou evenness index(J)and Margalef index(D)of phytoplankton showed that the biodiversity in wet season was higher than that in dry season,and the overall evaluation of water quality in study section was mild to moderate pollution.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)showed that there were significant differences in WT,pH,DO,TN and TUR in different water periods.Pearson correlation analysis and RDA results showed that WT,DO and TUR

关 键 词：东江 浮游植物 群落结构 水环境因子 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]