空天飞行器热防护结构健康监测及维护技术综述  

Review on Health Monitoring and Maintenance Technologies of Thermal Protection Structures for Reusable Launch Vehicles

作　　者：庞科技 张运海 杨旭堃 PANG Keji;ZHANG Yunhai;YANG Xukun(Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《空间科学与试验学报》2024年第4期82-93,共12页Journal of Space Science and Experiment

摘　　要：本文探讨了空天飞行器热防护结构的形式、特点以及健康监测与维护的重要性。热防护结构在空天飞行器运行中起着至关重要的作用,它不仅要承受极端的温度和压力,还需保证飞行器的安全。热防护结构的监测对象涵盖了其服役状态和可能出现的损伤。本文综述了国内外热防护结构健康监测的技术手段。其中,光纤传感技术具有高精度、抗干扰等优点,能够实时监测热防护结构的温度和应变;声发射技术可有效检测结构损伤的发生;超声导波技术能够对大面积结构进行快速检测。最后,本文以航天飞机为例,介绍了热防护结构的维护技术,包括对受损部位的修复等,确保热防护结构始终处于良好的工作状态,为空天飞行器的安全运行提供有力保障。This paper discusses the forms and characteristics of Thermal Protection Structures(TPS)for Reusable Launch Vehicles as well as the importance of health monitoring and maintenance.TPS play a crucial role in the operation of aerospace vehicles.They not only have to withstand extreme temperatures and pressures but also ensure the safety of the vehicle.The monitoring objects of TPS cover their service status and possible damages.We reviewed the technical means of health monitoring for TPS.Among them,optical fiber sensing technology has the advantages of high precision and antiinterference,and can monitor the temperature and strain of TPS in real time.Acoustic emission technology can effectively detect the occurrence of structural damage.Ultrasonic guided wave technology can perform rapid detection on large-area structures.Finally,taking the space shuttle as an example,the maintenance technology of thermal protection structures was introduced,including the repair of damaged parts,etc.,to ensure that the TPS is always in a good working condition and provide strong guarantee for the safe operation of aerospace vehicles.

关 键 词：空天飞行器 热防护结构 健康监测 维护 

分 类 号：V41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]