端到端基于轻量级单阶段全卷积网络的受电弓电火花故障检测研究  

Research on Pantograph Spark Fault Detection Based on Lightweight Full Convolutional Single-stage Network

作　　者：邱岳 吴连军 QIU Yue;WU Lianjun(CRCC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《机械工程师》2025年第3期81-85,共5页Mechanical Engineer

摘　　要：在动车组运行过程中,由于振动、接触网高度变化、接触压力不足等因素,导致碳滑板与接触网之间出现气隙,高压电击穿气隙产生火花放电现象,火花放电导致碳滑板和接触网烧蚀,对受电弓碳滑板寿命与接触网寿命造成影响。针对该问题,文中提出一种端到端基于轻量级单阶段全卷积网络的受电弓火花放电故障检测方法,通过借鉴轻量级FCOS(Fully Convolutional One-stage Object Detection,单阶段全卷积目标检测)模型在克服传统基于锚点设计的目标检测模型对锚点参数设置敏感、检测器普适性不强、锚点与真实框IOU(Intersection Over Union)计算耗时等缺陷时所发挥的优势,整合语义分割思路以实现受电弓电火花故障检测模型的高效、高精设计,实现了以原始受电弓监视图像为输入端,以电火花故障位置信息为输出端的端到端故障检测,这对高铁动车组受电弓的使用与管理都有重要的意义。During the operation of the EMU,there is an air gap between the carbon slide and the catenary due to vibration,change of catenary height,insufficient contact pressure and other factors.The high voltage electricity breaks down the air gap and generates spark discharge.The spark discharge results in the ablation of the carbon slide and catenary,which affects the life of the pantograph carbon slide and catenary.To solve this problem,an end-to-end pantograph spark discharge fault detection method based on lightweight full convolutional single-stage network is proposed in this paper.By referring to the model of FCOS(Fully Convolutional One-stage Object Detection),this paper overcomes the sensitivity of traditional object detection models based on anchor point design to the setting of anchor point parameters,the weak universality of the detector,and the intersection between the anchor point and the real box IOU.The idea of semantic segmentation is integrated to realize the efficient and high-precision design of the pantograph spark fault detection model,and the end-to-end fault detection with the original pantograph monitoring image as the input and the spark fault location information as the output is realized,which is of great significance for the use and management of the pantograph of high-speed rail EMUs.

关 键 词：受电弓 故障检测 接触网 火花放电 

分 类 号：TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]