过冷大水滴双峰分布特性影响冰形机制的数值模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation Research on Ice Shape Mechanism Influenced by Bimodal Distribution Characteristics of Supercooled Large Water Droplets

作　　者：孔维梁[1] 钟鑫宇 韩涵 刘洪[1] Kong Weiliang;Zhong Xinyu;Han Han;Liu Hong(School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Aerospace,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学航空航天学院,上海200240

出　　处：《气动研究与试验》2025年第1期24-35,共12页Aerodynamic Research & Experiment

摘　　要：过冷大水滴(SLD)环境结冰的数值和试验模拟是我国大飞机国际适航取证的“卡脖子”技术。现有飞机结冰数值模拟方法难以准确模拟SLD的粒径“双峰分布”特征。对此本文提出了一种水滴分布抽样混合结冰计算方法,实现了复杂粒径分布云雾结冰的数值模拟。计算的冰形同国内首批冻毛毛雨结冰风洞试验进行了对比验证,并探讨了SLD粒径分布对冰形的影响规律。结果显示,算法可高效准确地模拟双峰分布云雾结冰,计算结果与冰风洞试验符合较好;发现只有在平均粒径(MVD)较小时(<40μm)冰形对SLD云雾粒径分布十分敏感。这是因为当云雾以小于40μm的小水滴为主时,大水滴可明显改变水滴收集率分布形式;而在云雾平均粒径大时,粒径分布形式对水滴收集率影响很小。因此,MVD<40μm的SLD粒径分布需要精确模拟。反之,可适当放宽精度要求。Numerical and experimental simulation of icing in supercooled large water droplet(SLD)environment is a neckstuck technology for international airworthiness certification of Chinese large passenger aircraft.However,it's difficult for existing numerical simulation methods for aircraft icing to simulate the properties of the"bimodal distribution"of SLD particle diameter effectively and accurately.A water droplet distribution sampling mixed icing calculation method is proposed to perform numerical simulations of icing cloud with complex particle diameter distributions.The calculated ice shape is compared and verified with the first domestic icing wind tunnel test of freezing drizzle,with the effect of SLD particle diameter distribution on ice shape being discussed.The results show that the algorithm can efficiently and accurately simulate the bimodal distribution icing of icing clouds,as the calculation results are in good agreement with the ice wind tunnel test;The SLD particle diameter distribution has a significant effect on the ice shape when the MVD is small,but its influence becomes weaker as the MVD increases;Large water droplets can significantly vary the distribution of water droplet collection rates when small water droplets(<4Oμm)are dominant,while the particle diameter distribution has little effect on the water droplet collection rate when the overall particle diameter of the icing cloud is large.Therefore,the SLD particle diameter distribution with MVD<4Oμm needs to be accurately simulated,otherwise the simulation accuracy can be appropriately relaxed.

关 键 词：过冷大水滴 双峰分布 结冰模拟 抽样混合算法 冰形敏度 

分 类 号：V321.2[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]