集体所有制下的农村集体经营:历史演进、实践问题与发展定位  

Rural Collective Management under Collective Ownership:Historical Evolution,Practical Problems,and Development Orientation

作　　者：郑庆宇 尚旭东 ZHENG Qingyu;SHANG Xudong

机构地区：[1]农业农村部农村经济研究中心,北京市100810

出　　处：《农村经济》2025年第1期12-19,共8页Rural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“巩固和完善农村基本经营制度的政策优化研究”(编号:24BZZ094)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：随着新时期农村改革的持续深化,各地积极探索集体经营的新模式,但创新实践与政策目标发生偏离。主体多元并存、形式样态各异的地方探索虽然一定程度促进了集体经营,但与集体所有制下集体所应承担的政治定位和功能逐渐疏离,表现在:集体产权主体缺位、集体财产监管缺乏、集体和农民权益保障缺失等。下一步发展集体经营,应强化以集体所有者为导向,功能定位应保持一定的政治底色,并适当拓宽集体经营的内涵和形式。基于此,回归集体所有的本源,在演进发展中探寻集体经营的本来面向,从所有者主导、功能完善和内涵丰富三个层面明确集体经营的发展定位。With the continuous deepening of rural reform in the new era,various regions are actively exploring new models of collective management,but innovative practices have deviated from policy objectives.Although the diversity of subjects and the different forms of local exploration have promoted collective management to a certain extent,they have gradually distanced themselves from the political positioning and functions that collectives should have undertaken under collective ownership.It manifested in the absence of collective property rights subjects,lack of collective property supervision,and lack of protection of collective and farmer rights and interests.Developing collective management in the next step should strengthen the guidance of collective owners,maintain a certain political background in functional positioning,and appropriately broaden the connotation and form of collective management.Based on this,it is to return to the origin of collective ownership,to explore the original initiative of collective management in its evolution and development,and to clarify the development positioning of collective management from three levels:owner-led,functional improvement,and connotation enrichment.

关 键 词：集体所有 集体经营 历史演进 实践问题 发展定位 

分 类 号：F321.32[经济管理—产业经济]