中国政策性农业信贷担保发展:机制、成效与挑战  

The Development of Policy-oriented Agricultural Credit Guarantee in China:Mechanisms,Effectiveness and Challenges

作　　者：孙同全[1] 董翀[1] 苏岚岚 SUN Tongquan;DONG Chong;SU Lanlan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京市100732

出　　处：《农村经济》2025年第1期57-67,共11页Rural Economy

基　　金：中国社会科学院农村发展研究所创新工程项目“农村金融服务体系建设及优化路径研究”(编号:2023NFSA02);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(编号:DF2023YS26)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：政策性农业信贷担保是中国农业支持保护政策的市场化延伸,是财政与金融协同支农的创新方式,也是对农业信贷中传统担保方式的替代,对解决农业现代化发展中融资难融资贵问题具有重要意义。本文使用2016—2022年全国农业信贷担保体系的业务发展统计数据,并在实地调研的基础上,根据农担政策目标和运行机制,对全国农担政策实施和农担体系运行以来取得的成效与面临的问题进行了研究。研究发现,农担在组织服务体系建设、撬动金融资源支持农业发展、聚焦农业和新型农业经营主体、降低农业融资成本等方面取得了明显成效,同时也面临自负盈亏能力不足、资产减值隐患较大、财政补贴依赖度高、呆账需要核销、“去担保化”等挑战。农业信贷担保发展在需要持续稳定的财政支持的同时,也应在政策范围内探索业务多元化,提高自我可持续发展能力。The policy-oriented agricultural credit guarantee(PACG)is a market-oriented extension of China's agricultural support and protection policies,an innovative way of fiscal and financial synergy to support agricultural development,and an alternative to traditional guarantee for agricultural lending,which is of great significance for solving the financing difficulties and high costs in agricultural modernization.Based on the statistical data on the business development of the national agricultural credit guarantee system(NACGS)from 2016 to 2022 and field investigation,the paper studies the achievements produced and problems faced by the NACGS since the PACG policy was implemented.It is verified that the NACGS has achieved significant results in terms of building organizational and service systems,leveraging financial resources to support agricultural development,focusing on agriculture and new agricultural business entities,and reducing agricultural financing costs.However,it also faces challenges such as insufficient self-sustainability,high asset impairment risks,high dependence on fiscal subsidies,the need to write off bad debts,and the"de-guaranteeization".While agricultural credit guarantee needs sustained and stable fiscal support,it should also explore diversification of its businesses within policy scope to enhance its own sustainability.

关 键 词：农业信贷担保 农业支持保护政策 财政金融协同 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]