南籼北种:南方杂交籼稻东北种植的设想及育种实践  

Planting Southern Indica Rice in the North:Idea and Breeding Practice of Southern Indica Hybrid Rice to Be Planted in Northeast China

作　　者：刘海[1,2] 邓竹清 曾理文[3] 孙志忠 余东[1] 吕启明[1] 段美娟[4] 袁定阳 LIU Hai;DENG Zhuqing;ZENG Liwen;SUN Zhizhong;YU Dong;LÜQiming;DUAN Meijuan;YUAN Dingyang(Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Sanya National Center of Technology Innovation for Salt-alkali-tolerant Rice,Sanya,Hainan 572024,China;Changsha Licheng Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Hunan Women's University,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125 [2]三亚市国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心,海南三亚572024 [3]长沙利诚种业有限公司,湖南长沙410125 [4]湖南女子学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2025年第1期1-4,共4页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：海南省科技重大专项(ZDKJ202001);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1200800);湖南省2024年度十大技术攻关项目(2024NK1010)。

摘　　要：分析了中国南方籼稻与北方粳稻种植的分布差异及气候影响,揭示了北方杂交粳稻发展存在的问题,提出了新的育种设想:用成熟的南方籼型杂交稻技术方案解决北方杂交粳稻存在的问题,通过培育特早熟、耐寒性强、不易落粒的南方杂交籼稻品种在东北种植,实现中国杂交水稻面积的跨越式增长。在实践中,新育成的杂交籼稻品种瑞两优1053在东北地区种植表现出优良的熟期适应性、耐低温和抗倒伏能力,稻谷产量超过12 t/hm^(2),并具有较好的稻米品质,标志着南方籼稻在东北大面积试种获得成功,为改良北方稻作体系及保障国家粮食安全提供了突破性的实践范例。The distribution difference and climate influence of indica rice in southern China and japonica rice in northern China were analyzed,and the problems existing in the development of japonica hybrid rice in northern China were revealed.A new breeding idea was put forward:utilizing the mature southern indica hybrid rice technology scheme to solve the problems existing in japonica hybrid rice in northern China,and realizing the leap-forward growth of hybrid rice area in China by developing southern indica hybrid rice varieties with extremely early maturity,strong cold tolerance and not easy to shattering in northeast China.In practice,the newly developed indica hybrid rice combination Ruiliangyou 1053 showed excellent maturity adaptability,low temperature tolerance and lodging resistance in northeast China,and yielded more than 12 t/hm^(2),and had good grain quality,which marked the success of large-scale trial planting of southern indica rice in northeast China and provided a breakthrough practice example for improving the northern rice cropping system and ensuring national food security.

关 键 词：杂交籼稻 杂交粳稻 南籼北种 瑞两优1053 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311