贵阳地区献血者ABO血型初筛错误影响因素研究  

A Study on the Influencing Factors of ABO Blood Type Initial Screening Errors Among Blood Donors in Guiyang Area

作　　者：曾迪 孙瑞 周晓泉[1] ZENG Di;SUN Rui;ZHOU Xiaoquan(Department of Quality Management,Guizhou Blood Center,Guiyang Guizhou 550002,China;Department of Service Information Management,Guizhou Blood Center,Guiyang Guizhou 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省血液中心质量管理科,贵州贵阳550002 [2]贵州省血液中心业务信息管理科,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2025年第2期163-166,共4页China Health Standard Management

摘　　要：目的发现ABO血型初筛错误的影响因素,并制定相应措施进行预防和监控,提高血型初筛鉴定的准确性。方法对贵州省血液中心2019年1月—2023年12月无偿献血初筛血型错误进行汇总统计并分析原因。结果2019年1月—2023年12月贵州省血液中心共检测无偿献血者血液样本567781例,初筛血型错误1394例,错误率0.245%,人为判断错误为首要因素,占83.859%,其中B、A抗原漏检是导致血型误判最主要的因素。各采血场所中,流动采血点错误率最高为0.255%。与其他月份比较,2月和11月错误率较高,分别为0.260%和0.270%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论人为因素是血型初筛错误的关键控制点,试剂耗材和环境气温对血型初筛有一定影响,应增强工作人员对血液质量的安全责任意识,严格遵守标准操作规程,建全质量管理体系,保障临床用血安全。Objective To identify the influencing factors of ABO blood type initial screening errors and develop corresponding measures for prevention and monitoring,improve the accuracy of blood type initial screening and identification.Methods The errors in the initial screening of blood types among voluntary blood donors at the Guizhou Blood Center from January 2019 to December 2023 were summarized and analyzed.Results From January 2019 to December 2023,a total of 567781 blood samples from voluntary blood donors were tested at the Guizhou Provincial Blood Center,with 1394 cases of initial screening blood type errors and an error rate of 0.245%,human error in judgment was the primary factor,accounting for83.859%,among them,B and A antigen omission were the main factors.Mobile blood collection sites had the highest error rate of 0.255%.The error rates were high in February and November,with 0.260%and 0.270%respectively,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Human factors are crucial points,reagent consumables and environmental temperature also have an impact on blood type screening.It is necessary to enhance the safety responsibility of staff towards blood quality,strictly abide by standard operating procedures,establish a complete quality management system,and ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.

关 键 词：无偿献血 血型错误 血型不符 血型初筛 ABO血型 无偿献血者 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学]