超疏水涂层在防除冰领域的研究进展  

Research Progress of Anti-icing/Deicing with Superhydrophobic Coating

作　　者：彭健 周娟 韦红草 罗宁康 汪希奎[1] 梅益[1] PENG Jian;ZHOU Juan;WEI Hongcao;LUO Ningkang;WANG Xikui;MEI Yi(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第5期1-26,共26页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52205304);贵州大学自然科学专项(特岗)项目((2023)25);贵州省科技创新基地建设项目(黔科合中引地([2023]010));贵州大学实验室开放项目(SYSKF2024-047)。

摘　　要：鉴于积冰与霜雪覆盖对户外设备安全构成的严重威胁及导致的巨大经济损失,必须寻求高效的防除冰策略来减少户外设备表面积冰。在众多方法中,超疏水表面因其出色的憎水性能和简便的制备流程,被认为是极具潜力的防除冰手段。阐述了固体表面湿润性的基础理论及防除冰机理,指出超疏水表面可以通过减少固液界面接触面积、延长结冰时间及降低冰层附着力等方式,有效减少冰的生成或促使冰层脱落。重点综述了自修复性、耐磨性、电热及光热超疏水涂层在防除冰领域的研究进展,分析了现存的问题与挑战。此外,归纳了超疏水涂层的常用制备方法,并对不同方法的优劣势进行了评价。鉴于目前超疏水涂层的性能测试都是在实验室中进行的,缺乏大规模的实际应用,最后对超疏水防除冰涂层的未来发展趋势做了展望。通过持续的创新和研究,期待可以有更多经济、环保和高效,并且可大规模制备的仿生超疏水表面出现,为减少户外设备表面的结冰提供有效的解决方案。In view of the serious threat of ice accumulation and frost snow to the safety of outdoor equipment and the huge economic losses caused by it,it is forced to seek efficient anti-icing and deicing strategies to reduce the accumulation of ice on the surface,so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of outdoor equipment.Among many methods,the superhydrophobic surface is considered as a potential anti-icing and deicing means because of its excellent hydrophobic properties and simple preparation process.However,further investigations have found that although superhydrophobic surfaces can effectively reduce ice formation,reduce ice adhesion and prolong freezing time,they cannot completely avoid ice formation.Therefore,in recent years,the combination of the active deicing technology and the superhydrophobic surface has become the most popular research direction in deicing.In this paper,the basic theory of solid surface wettability and the mechanism of anti-icing and deicing are described.By reducing the contact area of the solid-liquid interface,the super-hydrophobic surface enables water droplets to quickly rebound and leave the surface,thereby avoiding the nucleation and freezing of water droplets on the surface,extending the freezing time of liquid droplets and reducing the probability of freezing,reducing the adhesion of ice,and enabling the ice to fall off under the action of gravity,thus effectively reducing the formation of ice or promoting the ice to fall off.Further,the research progress of self-repairing,wear resistance,electrothermal and photothermal superhydrophobic coatings in anti-icing and deicing is reviewed,and the existing problems and challenges are analyzed.Although photothermal materials are now known as the most potential anti-icing and deicing materials,in practical applications,photothermal superhydrophobic coatings still face some challenges,such as high production costs and complex preparation processes,which may limit their wide application in industry.What's more,the deicing efficiency of

关 键 词：超疏水 防除冰机制 纳米涂层 润湿性 光/电热涂层 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]