热障涂层陶瓷层结构研究现状及发展趋势  

Research Status and Development Trends of Ceramic Layer Structures in Thermal Barrier Coatings

作　　者：张佩凯 杨会凯 张冲 孙金钊 殷凤仕[1] ZHANG Peikai;YANG Huikai;ZHANG Chong;SUN Jinzhao;YIN Fengshi(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Shandong Zibo 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学机械工程学院,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第5期44-60,共17页Surface Technology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR20191112010)。

摘　　要：热障涂层(TBC)在先进航空航天发动机的热防护方面发挥着至关重要的作用。新一代航空发动机对温度有着更高的要求,这对当前的热障涂层系统的热防护性能和寿命提出了新的挑战。传统的氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)热障涂层因其自身的局限性,已经无法满足新一代航空发动机的需要。目前,针对热障涂层的研究主要集中于设计新的TBC架构,在各种不同的设计中,层片状结构、双峰结构、柱状结构、双陶瓷层结构和功能梯度结构已经被证实能够有效提升热障涂层的高温性能和使用寿命。以上述几种不同结构的TBC为切入点,对目前研究较为成熟的几种新型TBC架构进行评价。首先,系统介绍了几种陶瓷层结构的微观组织和制备方法;分析了不同陶瓷层结构的优缺点和适用性。进一步揭示了传统热障涂层的失效机理和局限性;详细分析了不同陶瓷层结构对涂层抗烧结性能和抗热震性能的影响。最后对不同的涂层结构提出了性能改进策略,并针对不同的涂层制备工艺及结构优化方向进行了展望,以期提高热障涂层的性能,满足航空发动机、燃气轮机等高精尖领域未来的使用需求。Thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)play a crucial role in thermal protection for advanced aerospace engines.As the thrust-to-weight ratio increases,the thermal endpoint temperature of the engine is further elevated,which in turn raises the demand for high-temperature resistance in engine structural materials.This presents new challenges for the thermal protection performance and service life of existing thermal barrier coating systems.Conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)thermal barrier coatings,due to their inherent limitations,are no longer adequate to meet the requirements of the new generation of aerospace engines.Studies have shown that 8YSZ coatings,when exposed to a working environment of 1200℃ for extended periods,are highly susceptible to sintering.Within the coating,a phase transformation from tetragonal ZrO2(t-ZrO2)to monoclinic ZrO2(m-ZrO2)occurs,a process accompanied by a volume change of approximately 3% to 5%.On the one hand,this transformation introduces significant internal stress within the coating,ultimately leading to cracking and spalling of the coating.On the other hand,sintering of the coating at high temperature can lead to the healing of internal pores within the coating,resulting in a significant increase in the Young's modulus of the coating.This,in turn,the thermal insulating performance and service life of the coating are reduced.The design of the ceramic layer structure is a key factor in determining the performance and service life of thermal barrier coatings,and the ongoing research aims to optimize these structures for specific applications and operating conditions.Currently,the research on thermal barrier coatings primarily focuses on designing new TBC architectures.Among various designs,architectures such as lamellar structures,bimodal structures,columnar structures,dual-ceramic layers,and functionally graded structures have been demonstrated to effectively enhance the high temperature performance and service life of thermal barrier coatings.Several maturely researched novel

关 键 词：热障涂层 陶瓷层结构 双峰结构 双陶瓷结构 功能梯度结构 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]