火炮身管内壁等离子渗镀Ta-W合金层及性能研究  

Preparation and Properties of Plasma Diffusion Ta-W Alloy Layer on the Inner Wall of Gun Barrel

作　　者：石龙 魏东博[1] 谷佳慧 陈小虎 徐永东[2] 张平则[1] SHI Long;WEI Dongbo;GU Jiahui;CHEN Xiaohu;XU Yongdong;ZHANG Pingze(College of Material Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Ningbo Branch of Chinese Academy of Ordance,Zhejiang Ningbo 315103,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院,南京210016 [2]中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,浙江宁波315103

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第5期106-115,共10页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项基础研究项目(Y2022-Ⅲ-0004-0013);南京航空航天大学“前瞻布局科研专项”重点培育项目(ILB23015)。

摘　　要：目的通过等离子渗镀技术制备Ta-W合金层,提高火炮身管内壁的耐磨损和抗烧蚀性能。方法采用等离子渗镀技术在炮钢试样表面制备Ta-W合金层,通过在恒温500℃下进行摩擦磨损试验,对比分析基体和Ta-W合金层的耐磨性能,采用氧乙炔烧蚀试验评价Ta-W合金层的抗烧蚀性能。结果Ta-W合金层表面致密均匀,截面合金层元素呈梯度分布,合金层与基体间实现了冶金结合。Ta-W合金层主要为α-Ta相,存在(211)面择优取向。在500℃(恒温)、15min、3种载荷条件下,基体的磨损率分别为7.49×10^(-5)、4.2×10^(-5)、7.7×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),而Ta-W合金层的磨损率分别为1.77×10^(-5)、1.53×10^(-5)、3.38×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m);Ta-W合金层的摩擦因数在同一载荷下变化不大,而摩擦因数的上下波动程度明显降低。通过氧乙炔烧蚀15 s后,炮钢基体的质量损失和质量烧蚀率分别为5.78mg和0.34mg/s,Ta-W合金层的质量损失和质量烧蚀率分别为5.02 mg和0.28 mg/s。Ta-W合金层的烧蚀产物主要为WO_(3)、Ta_(2)O_(5)。结论Ta-W合金层的磨损率分别为炮钢基体的23.63%、36.00%、43.84%,耐磨性能显著提高,磨损机理为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。通过表面等离子渗镀Ta-W合金层,有效提升了炮钢基体的抗烧蚀性能,Ta-W合金层的烧蚀失效机制为高温气流侵蚀导致的WO_(3)、Ta_(2)O_(5)熔化-脱落过程的反复循环。In the process of artillery use,friction and wear often occur in high pressure and high temperature environment.The inner wall needs to withstand the impact of high-speed projectiles and the erosion of high temperature and high pressure gas,resulting in a significant reduction in the firing accuracy and strength of the artillery after multiple launches and severely limiting the service life.After W is added to pure Ta,the alloy exhibits good combination properties,such as high strength,high melting point and good high temperature ductility,which can significantly improve wear resistance and ablation resistance.In addition,according to the Ta-W phase diagram,no brittle intermetallic compounds are formed between Ta and W.The related preparation technologies mainly include magnetron sputtering technology,arc ion plating technology,electro-spark deposition technology,plasma spraying technology,etc.The wear resistance and ablation resistance of the inner wall of gun steel barrel were improved by plasma diffusion Ta-W alloy layer.Ta-W alloy coating was prepared on the inner wall of gun steel barrel by plasma diffusion technology.The wear resistance of the Ta-W alloy layer was analyzed by friction and wear test at 500℃.The erosion resistance of the Ta-W alloy layer was evaluated by oxyacetylene ablation test.The surface of the Ta-W alloy layer was dense and uniform,and the elements of the cross-section alloy layer were gradiently distributed.The metallurgical bonding between the alloy layer and the substrate was realized.The Ta-W alloy layer was composed of a single α-Ta and had a(211)preferred orientation.The wear rates of the substrate under three loads at 500℃ for 15 min were 7.49×10^(-5),4.2×10^(-5) and 7.7×10^(-5) mm^(3)/(N·m),respectively,while the wear rates of the Ta-W alloy layer were 1.77×10^(-5),1.53×10^(-5) and 3.38×10^(-5) mm^(3)/(N·m),respectively.The average friction coefficient of the Ta-W alloy layer did not change much under the same load,but the overall fluctuation range of the friction c

关 键 词：火炮身管 等离子渗镀 Ta-W合金层 微观结构 高温磨损 氧乙炔烧蚀 

分 类 号：TG174.445[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]