法治化营商环境中的政府责任  

The Government's Responsibility in a Rule-of-Law Business Environment

作　　者：成协中 Cheng Xiezhong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《行政管理改革》2025年第2期36-50,共15页Administration Reform

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“企业合规的行政监管研究”(22BFX036);司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“优化营商环境的行政法治保障研究”(20SFB2009)。

摘　　要：法治是最好的营商环境。以《优化营商环境条例》为核心的优化营商环境立法为行政机关设定的职责性质并不完全相同。根据其属性不同可以将其规制职责类型化为:市场秩序监管、政务服务提供和私经济行政。在优化营商环境的实践中,不同类型的行政规制需要遵守不同的合法性框架。作为市场秩序监管者,行政机关的规制责任在于推进依法行政、强化监管实效,着力解决信用监管制度合法性与有效性不足“、双随机、一公开”可能产生监管漏洞、监管工具衔接欠缺制度评估等问题。作为政务服务提供者,行政机关的规制责任在于提供规范、高效、便民的政务服务,积极应对审批服务改革与依法行政之间的潜在冲突、政务服务标准化与差异化服务的矛盾、在线办理与便民原则的契合性等问题。作为私经济行政主体直接介入市场竞争时,行政机关的规制责任在于坚持平等获取、诚实守信的基本原则,尽量明确行政机关直接接入市场竞争的标准,维护市场公平。对行政机关在营商环境中的规制责任进行类型化分析,可以更好地理清行政规制职责的性质,防范职责行使的合法性风险,实现有效市场和有为政府的更好平衡。The rule of law is the best business environment.The‘Regulation on Optimizing the Business Environment’and other legislations which related to optimizing business environment have established different roles for the government:as a market regulator,as a government service provider and as a private economic administrative subject.There are significant differences in the behavior and legality requirements of these three roles.As market regulator,administrative agencies should promote administration according to law,strengthen the effectiveness of supervision,and strive to solve the problems of insufficient legality and effectiveness of the credit supervision system,the problems of the regulatory loopholes produced by‘random selection of inspectees,inspectors and public disclosure’,and the problem of lack of system evaluation in connection with regulatory tools.As government service provider,administrative agencies should be committed to providing standardized,efficient and convenient administrative services,and actively respond to potential conflicts between the reform of approval services and legal administration,the contradiction between the standardization and differentiated services of administrative services,online management and the principle of convenient administration and other issues.As private economic administrative subject,when administrative agencies directly access market competition,they should adhere to the basic principles of equal access,honesty and trustworthiness,try their best to clarify the standards of direct access to market competition,and eliminate unequal treatment in private administrative law.The typed analysis of the role of administrative agencies in the business environment can better clarify responsibilities,prevent legal risks in the exercise of responsibilities,and achieve a better balance between public welfare and private benefits.

关 键 词：优化营商环境 行政规制 经济规制 依法行政 政务服务 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]