镁粉及铝镁合金吸湿机理研究  

Study on Hygroscopic Mechanism of Magnesium Powder and Aluminum Magnesium Alloy

作　　者：柏志力 倪德彬 于国强[1] 陈丽 付东晓[1] 杨安民[1] BAI Zhi-li;NI De-bin;YU Guo-qiang;CHEN Li;FU Dong-xiao;YANG An-min(Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute,Xi’an,710061)

机构地区：[1]陕西应用物理化学研究所,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《火工品》2025年第2期1-10,共10页Initiators & Pyrotechnics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22305147)。

摘　　要：为了探究Mg粉及Al-Mg合金的吸湿机理,将1种铣削Mg粉、1种铣削Al-Mg合金和3种雾化Al-Mg合金进行加速吸湿试验,对吸湿前后金属粉末的形貌、物相、吸湿性、化学成分、氧化层结构及热分解机理进行了表征与分析。结果表明:Al-Mg合金的吸湿率(<1%)远小于Mg粉(8.72%),Al-Mg合金耐吸湿性随组分中Al含量上升而提高。Mg粉吸湿后成分中的Mg(OH)_(2)和MgO吸收峰显著增强,Al-Mg合金吸湿前后的XRD谱图无明显变化。耐吸湿性最好的雾化Al-Mg合金(wAl∶wMg=60∶40)吸湿过程中,合金表层Mg先氧化、Al后氧化,形成了双层核壳结构,吸湿后合金的氧化层平均厚度由14.3nm上升至212.0nm,氧含量由18.3%上升至38.2%。3种雾化Al-Mg合金吸湿后的放热量均有所下降,样品吸湿率越低,能量损失幅度越小。In order to investigate the hygroscopic mechanism of Mg powder and Al-Mg alloy,accelerated hygroscopic tests were conducted on one milled Mg powder,one milled Al-Mg alloy,and three atomized Al-Mg alloys.The morphology,phase,hygroscopicity,chemical composition,oxide layer structure,and thermal decomposition mechanism of the metal powder before and after hygroscopic tests were characterized and analyzed.The results show that the hygroscopic rate of Al-Mg alloy(<1%)is much lower than that of Mg powder(8.72%),and the hygroscopic resistance of Al-Mg alloy increases with the increase of Al content in the compositions.After hygroscopic test,the absorption peaks of Mg(OH)_(2) and MgO in the composition of Mg powder are significantly enhanced,while the XRD spectra of Al-Mg alloy before and after hygroscopic test show no significant changes.During the hygroscopic process of the atomized Al-Mg alloy(wAl∶wMg=60∶40)with the best hygroscopic resistance,the surface Mg of the alloy oxidizes first and Al oxidizes later,forming a double-layer core-shell structure.After hygroscopic test,the average thickness of the oxide layer of the alloy increases from 14.3 nm to 212.0 nm,and the oxygen content increases from 18.3%to 38.2%.The heat release of three types of atomized Al-Mg alloys after moisture absorption has decreased,and the lower the hygroscopic rate of the sample,the smaller the energy loss amplitude.

关 键 词：吸湿性 Mg粉 Al-Mg合金粉 元素分析 氧化层 反应热 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ560.4[化学工程—炸药化工]