基于FUNGuild的山药腐烂块茎真菌群落研究及潜在病原真菌的分离鉴定  

FUNGuild-based study of fungal community,and isolation and identification of potential pathogenic fungi in yam(Dioscorea polystachya)rotting tubers

作　　者：展莉平 任雪洋 张笑一 王瑞飞[1,2] 孔盈利 王强 李明军[1] 杨清香 ZHAN Liping;REN Xueyang;ZHANG Xiaoyi;WANG Ruifei;KONG Yingli;WANG Qiang;LI Mingjun;YANG Qingxiang(College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,Henan,China;Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology,Xinxiang 453007,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]河南省农业微生物生态与技术国际联合实验室,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《广西植物》2025年第2期347-359,共13页Guihaia

基　　金：中原科技创新领军人才(224200510011);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22B180006,20A180015);河南省创新重点项目(202310476022)。

摘　　要：为探讨山药腐烂块茎的真菌群落特征及主要病原真菌,该研究采用ITS扩增子测序技术和FUNGuild分析阐明了其真菌群落组成、网络特征及生态功能类群,并对潜在病原真菌进行了分离鉴定。结果表明:(1)山药腐烂块茎中的优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota),优势属包括青霉属(Penicillium)、炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、篮状菌属(Talaromyces)和粉红螺旋聚孢霉属(Clonostachys)等。真菌生态网络呈现明显的模块化结构和高比例的正相关边数(99.33%),真菌间趋向于极强的正向合作。(2)FUNGuild分析显示,10个真菌生态功能类群与山药块茎腐烂高度相关。其中,粪腐生-未命名腐生-木腐菌和内生-植物病原真菌的相对丰度分别为33.74%和23.64%,其代表性属分别为青霉和炭疽属。此外,与植物病原和木腐菌同时相关的生态功能类群共有3个,总相对丰度为13.67%,代表性属为镰刀菌属。进一步Trait分析表明,青霉、镰刀菌等7个属真菌可能与山药块茎腐烂密切相关。(3)共分离鉴定真菌22株,隶属于6个属,包括镰刀菌属(9株)、青霉属(5株)和曲霉属(Aspergillus,4株)等。该研究结果为阐明山药块茎腐烂的发病机理、定向使用农药及筛选生防菌提供了参考依据。To investigate the characteristics of the fungal community and potential key pathogenic fungi,ITS rDNA amplicon sequencing technology and FUNGuild analysis were used to study the fungal community composition,network characteristics and ecological function groups in rotting tubers of Dioscorea sp.Additionally,potential pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified.The results were as follows:(1)In rotting tubers of Dioscorea sp.,the dominant phylum was Ascomycota,and prevalent fungal genera included Penicillium,Colletotrichum,Fusarium,Talaromyces,Clonostachys,etc.The fungal ecological network exhibited a clear modular structure with a high ratio of positive correlation edges(99.33%),suggesting that positive cooperation was strengthen between different fungi.(2)FUNGuild analysis indicated that 10 guilds were highly correlated with yam tuber rot.Among these guilds,the relative abundances of dung saprotroph-undefined saprotroph-wood saprotroph and endophyte-plant pathogen were 33.74%and 23.64%,respectively,and the representative genera were Penicillium and Colletotrichum,respectively.Additionally,three guilds were related to both plant pathogen and wood saprotroph,and occupied 13.67%of the ecological functional groups.Moreover,Fusarium was representative genus of all three guilds.Traits analysis showed that seven genra of fungi(Penicillium,Fusarium,etc.)in the fungal community were probably invovled in yam tuber rot.(3)A total of 22 strains were isolated and belonged to 6 genera,including Fusarium(9 strains),Penicillium(5 strains)and Aspergillus(4 strains),etc.This study provides reference for understanding the pathogenesis of tuber rot in Dioscorea sp.,and for the selection of appropriate pesticides and biocontrol microbes.

关 键 词：山药 扩增子测序 真菌群落 FUNGuild 生态功能类群 植物病原真菌 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]