桉树焦枯病叶片与正常叶片真菌群落结构差异分析  

Comparative Analysis on Fungal Community Structures in Leaves Affected by Eucalypt Leaf Blight and Eucalypt Normal Leaves

作　　者：伍禄军 于永辉 赵瑛 蒙好生 Wu Lujun;Yu Yonghui;Zhao Ying;Meng Haosheng(Guangxi State-owned Gaofeng Forest Farm,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区国有高峰林场,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《广西林业科学》2025年第1期66-72,共7页Guangxi Forestry Science

基　　金：广西林业科技推广示范项目(2024GXLK31)。

摘　　要：桉树为我国重要的造纸和用材树种。以丽赤壳属(Calonectria)为主要病原真菌的桉树焦枯病是我国桉树重大病害之一,在我国桉树产区造成严重经济损失和生态影响。以巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla)为材料,通过Illumina高通量测序平台对受焦枯病危害叶片和正常叶片叶际真菌进行测序,并进行生物学分析,对比受害叶片与正常叶片叶际真菌群落的差异,探究真菌群落差异与桉树焦枯病的关系,为从叶际真菌角度开发桉树焦枯病防控技术提供理论基础。结果表明,受害叶片中的真菌群落包括3门、13纲、27目、42科、58属、71种和136个扩增子序列变体(ASVs),比正常叶片多4目、2科、2属、3种和9个ASVs。受害和正常叶片中的优势真菌门均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。受害叶片中担子菌门的相对丰度极显著下降,子囊菌门和unclassified_k_Fungi的相对丰度均极显著上升。受害叶片中的主要真菌属为丽赤壳属、隐球菌属(Cryptococcus)和苍白尾孢属(Pallidocercospora);正常叶片中的主要真菌属为Mycotribulus、假尾孢属(Pseudocercospora)和外囊菌属(Taphrina);丽赤壳属仅出现在受害叶片中。受焦枯病危害后,桉树叶片中部分真菌群落的相对丰度发生显著变化,丽赤壳属、平脐疣孢属(Zasmidium)和苍白尾孢属(Pallidocercospora)等真菌的相对丰度均极显著上升,其中平脐疣孢属的相对丰度上升可作为桉树焦枯病发生的生物标志。Eucalypt is important tree species for paper-making and timber in China.Eucalypt leaf blight mainly caused by fungi belonging to Calonectria is one of significant diseases affecting eucalypt in China,which has resulted in severe economic losses and ecological impacts for eucalypt production regions in China.Taking Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla as materials,differences between communities of phyllosphere fungi in leaves affected by leaf blight and normal leaves were compared by sequencing phyllosphere fungi in diseased leaves and normal leaves through Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform and performing biological analysis,which could explore relationships between difference of fungal communities and eucalypt leaf blight,and provide theoretical basis for development of control techniques for eucalypt leaf blight from perspective of phyllosphere fungi.Results showed that fungal communities in diseased leaves comprised 3 phyla,13 classes,27 orders,42 families,58 genera,71 species and 136 amplicon sequence variant(ASVs),which had 4 more orders,2 more families,2 more genera,3 more species and 9 more ASVs than normal leaves.Dominant fungal phyla in diseased and normal leaves were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Relative abundance of Basidiomycota extremely significantly decreased in diseased leaves,while relative abundance of Ascomycota and unclassified_k_Fungi extremely significantly increased in diseased leaves.Main fungal genera in diseased leaves were Calonectria,Cryptococcus and Pallidocercospora.Main fungal genera in normal leaves were Mycotribulus,Pseudocercospora and Taphrina.Calonectria was only found in diseased leaves.Relative abundance of partial fungal communities in eucalypt leaves affected by leaf blight changed significantly.Relative abundance of Calonectria,Zasmidium and Pallidocercospora extremely significantly increased in diseased leaves,among which increase of relative abundance of Zasmidium could serve as biomarker for occurrence of eucalypt leaf blight.

关 键 词：高通量测序 桉树焦枯病 真菌 

分 类 号：S792.39[农业科学—林木遗传育种]