基于土地利用变化的巢湖流域生境质量变化研究  

Habitat Quality Change Based on Land Use Change in Chaohu Lake Basin

作　　者：杨冬雪 沈非 史宇杰 段亚芳 陈铭杨 程煜 YANG Dong-xue;SHEN Fei;SHI Yu-jie;DUAN Ya-fang;CHEN Ming-yang;CHENG Yu(School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Resources Environment and GIS,Anhui Province,Wuhu 241003,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院,安徽芜湖241002 [2]资源环境与地理信息工程安徽省工程技术研究中心,安徽芜湖241003

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期51-59,共9页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42271372).

摘　　要：土地利用变化是导致生境质量变化的重要原因,分析土地利用变化和生境质量变化的关系对区域生态安全和可持续发展具有重要意义。基于1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年土地利用数据,利用InVEST模型分析巢湖流域土地利用和生境质量的时空特征,结果表明:(1)近30年来,巢湖流域耕地面积最大,历年占比均超60%;未利用地面积最小,历年占比均小于1%;建设用地占比增长最为明显,共增加5.35%,耕地转化是其主要来源。(2)较高等级(Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级)生境主要分布在流域东部与西南部的水域和丘陵地区,面积变幅较小(仅增加24.22 km^(2));低等级(Ⅰ级)生境主要分布在流域西北部的城市建成区,扩张最为明显(面积增加1051.86 km^(2));较低等级(Ⅱ级)生境分布最为广泛和分散,面积呈持续缩减态势(共减少1052.44 km^(2));流域内生境质量等级转移以Ⅱ级生境向Ⅰ级生境的转移为主,流域生境整体呈退化趋势。(3)土地利用变化与生境质量变化匹配性较强,耕地向建设用地的转移是巢湖流域土地利用变化的主要方向,也是促使流域生境质量退化的最大贡献者。Land use change is an important cause of habitat quality change.Analyzing the relationship between land use change and habitat quality change is of great significance for regional ecological security and sustainable development.Based on the land use data of 1990,2000,2010 and 2020,InVEST model was used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of land use and habitat quality in Chaohu Lake Basin.The results showed that:(1)In the past 30 years,the cultivated land area in Chaohu Lake Basin has been the largest,accounting for more than 60%in previous years;The unused land area is the smallest,accounting for less than 1%in previous years;The proportion of construction land increased the most,with a total increase of 5.35%,and cultivated land conversion was its main source.(2)Higher grade(grade IV.and grade V.)habitats were mainly distributed in the water and hilly areas in the eastern and southwestern parts of the basin,and the area variation was small(only 24.22 km^(2) increase);Low-grade(grade Ⅰ.)habitats were mainly distributed in urban built-up areas in the northwest of the basin,with the most obvious expansion(area increase of 1051.86 km^(2)).The lower grade(grade Ⅱ.)habitats were the most widely distributed and dispersed,and the area showed a continuous decline trend(a total decrease of 1052.44 km^(2)).The transfer of habitat quality levels in the basin was mainly from grade Ⅱ.habitats to grade Ⅰ.habitats,and the habitat in the basin as a whole shows a degradation trend.(3)There is a strong match between land use change and habitat quality change.The transfer of cultivated land to construction land is the main direction of land use change in Chaohu Lake Basin,and also the biggest contributor to habitat quality degradation in the basin.

关 键 词：土地利用 生境质量 InVEST模型 巢湖流域 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]