滴灌下肥料管理对小麦产量和碳氮足迹的影响  

Effects of fertilizer management on wheat yield, carbon and nitrogen footprint under drip irrigation

作　　者：邢素丽[1] 王敬霞 杨军芳[1] 黄少辉[1] 聂浩亮 张静 杨慧敏 杨文方 杨云马[1] 王磊[2] 贾良良[1] XING Suli;WANG Jingxia;YANG Junfang;HUANG Shaohui;NIE Haoliang;ZHANG Jing;YANG Huimin;YANG Wenfang;YANG Yunma;WANG Lei;JIA Liangliang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所河北省肥料技术创新中心,石家庄050051 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第2期103-111,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901003);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2023301057);河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所项目(ZHS-ZLXM-2022-04)。

摘　　要：为解决小麦生产中氮肥投入过量及灌溉不合理问题,提出华北平原小麦绿色高产生产技术,为农业可持续发展提供支撑。该试验以冬小麦为研究对象,设置滴灌不施肥(D-0)、滴灌不施氮肥(D-N0)、畦灌常规施肥(Q-FP)、滴灌优化施肥(D-NPK)、滴灌有机无机配施(D-NPKM)处理,研究不同措施对小麦产量、碳氮足迹及农田净生态经济效益的影响。结果表明:氮肥和灌溉方式是小麦产量的关键制约因素,与Q-FP处理相比,同时优化施肥及灌溉方式(D-NPK),小麦产量和收获指数平均分别显著提高12.3%和13.2%,D-NPKM处理可显著提高小麦产量和收获指数16.8%和13.1%。相比于畦灌农户常规施肥,滴灌条件下优化施肥量(D-NPK)及有机无机配施(D-NPKM)是小麦生产系统碳氮排放及环境足迹降低的有效措施,氮足迹分别降低61.7%和59.8%,碳足迹分别降低44.5%和25.3%。滴灌模式下,有机无机配施(D-NPKM)处理氮足迹和碳足迹均高于单施化肥(D-NPK)处理,分别高4.9%和34.6%,而净生态经济效益降低于D-NPK处理24.3%。因此,从小麦生产力角度来看,滴灌结合有机无机配施是最优化措施,但结合生态环境角度,建议D-NPK处理为最优化措施。整体来看,在该研究试验条件下,推荐滴灌结合肥料减量措施作为小麦生产的最优化措施,但相比于农户常规灌溉施肥,滴灌下有机无机配施仍是提高小麦生产力,降低小麦生产碳氮足迹的有效措施,未来可结合不同地区有机肥资源进行综合考虑,选择可进一步降低碳足迹的有机肥类型及施用方式,以最大化资源利用,实现农业可持续发展。In order to salve the problem of excessive nitrogen(N)fertilizer input and unreasonable irrigation in wheat production,put forward the green high-yield production technology of wheat in North China Plain,and provide support for sustainable agricultural development.In this study,winter wheat was selected as the research object,five treatments were carried out:drip irrigation without fertilization(D-O),drip irrigation without nitrogen fertilizer(D-NO),border irrigation and conventional fertilization(Q-FP),drip irrigation and optimized fertilization(D-NPK),organic and inorganic fertilizer combination with drip irrigation(D-NPKM),the effects of different treatments on wheat yield,carbon(C)footprint and N footprint of wheat production were studied.The result indicated that N fertilizer and irrigation modes were the key constraint factor of wheat yield.Compared with Q-FP treatment,optimal fertilization and irrigation method(D-NPK)at the same time significantly increased wheat yield and harvest index by 12.3%and 13.2%on average,respectively,while D-NPKM treatment significantly increased wheat yield and harvest index by 16.8%and 13.1%,respectively.In addition,compared to conventional irrigation and fertilization practices by farmers(Q-FP),optimizing fertilization rate(D-NPK)and applying organic and inorganic fertilizers together(D-NPKM)under drip irrigation conditions were effective measures to reduce C and nitrogen emissions as well as environmental footprints in wheat production systems in this experiment:N footprints decreased by 61.7%and 59.8%,respectively,while C footprints decreased by 44.5%and 25.3%,respectively.Under the drip irrigation model,the N and C footprints of the D-NPKM treatment were higher than those of the D-NPK treatment by 4.9%and 34.6%,respectively,while the net ecological economic benefit of D-NPKM was 24.3%lower than that of D-NPK.Thus,considering from the perspective of wheat productivity,drip irrigation combined with organic and inorganic fertilizer application is the optimal measure.However,co

关 键 词：小麦 滴灌 有机肥 产量 碳氮足迹 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]