横摇激励下养殖工船养殖舱自清洗能力分析  

Self-cleaning performance of aquaculture tanks on aquaculture vessels under rolling excitation

作　　者：冯德军 李德振 黄亨达 陶毅 祖复志 吴彦飞 桂福坤 翁歆之 曲晓玉 FENG Dejun;LI Dezhen;HUANG Hengda;TAO Yi;ZU Fuzhi;WU Yanfei;GUI Fukun;WENG Xinzhi;QU Xiaoyu(National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Marine Science and Technology College,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;School of Fishery,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Fisheries Biotechnology,Fisheries Science Institute,Beijing Academy of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100068,China;Taizhou Aquatic Product Technology Extension Station,Taizhou 318000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心,舟山316022 [2]浙江海洋大学海洋科学与技术学院,舟山316022 [3]浙江海洋大学水产学院,舟山316022 [4]北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所渔业生物技术北京市重点试验室,北京100068 [5]台州市水产技术推广总站,台州318000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第2期251-260,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32273189;31902425)。

摘　　要：针对养殖舱内鱼类产生的残饵、粪便等固体颗粒物易堆积,造成水体污染,影响鱼类品质的问题,该研究利用六自由度运动平台模拟工船横摇运动,研究了在不同横摇激励(横摇幅值Θ和周期T)和进水管射流角度α下(进水管射流方向与所紧贴斜壁之间的锐角),养殖舱自清洗能力的变化规律。本研究从污物汇集和流场分布特性两方面对自清洗能力进行分析。结果显示:在污物汇集方面,养殖舱的集污时间受到横摇幅值和周期的联合调控,整体随横摇周期的增加而增加,随横摇幅值的增加后减少,当横摇周期为8 s、幅值为1°时,横摇工况对养殖舱自清洗性能的影响最小;当横摇周期为4 s、幅值为2°时,影响最大,且集污时间较影响最小工况缩短约70.6%;在不同射流角度下,集污时间随射流角度的增加先增加后减少,当α=45°时集污时间最短,此时养殖舱集污性能最优。在流场特性方面,横摇周期和幅值的变化均会明显改变养殖舱内流场。整体随横摇周期的减小和幅值的增大,舱内流场高流速区和中心漩涡面积增加,水体平均流速也逐渐增大,对应表现为集污时间的减少和集污率的提高;当α=45°时,流场分布最均匀,集污能力最强。虽然横摇周期的减小和幅值的增大会提升自清洗能力,但也会导致过快的水体流速,在实际生产时应结合鱼类的游泳能力差异选择合适的海域,并选择合适的进水管射流角度,从而提高养殖工船的适渔性。研究结果可为养殖工船在横摇激励下的自清洗能力优化提供理论支撑与科学依据,对促进深远海养殖技术的发展与进步具有积极意义。Solid particles(such as residual feed and feces)can often be produced by fish in aquaculture tanks.These particles can be naturally accumulated to cause the water pollution,even damage to the fish quality.The accumulation of such particles can also induce the adverse conditions for fish health and growth in aquaculture systems.It is very critical issue on the waste and contaminants for the sustainable environment.In this study,a six-degree-of-freedom(6-DOF)motion platform was utilized to simulate the rolling motion of aquaculture vessels.The self-cleaning performance of aquaculture tanks was examined under different rolling excitations.Two key parameters were characterized by:rolling amplitude(Θ)and rolling period(T),as well as the acute angle(α)between the water inlet pipe jet direction and the adjacent inclined wall.The self-cleaning process was divided into two interconnected components:the accumulation characteristics of contaminants and the flow field distribution inside the tank.Two elements were closely related with the flow field driven by the driving force for the accumulation of contaminants,while the efficiency of accumulation,in turn,dominated the flow field dynamics.The dynamic feedback loop among these components was ultimately represented the overall self-cleaning performance of the tank.Therefore,the tank designs and operational strategies were optimized to minimize the contamination for the high-quality of aquaculture environments.Several key findings revealed that the accumulation time was jointly regulated by both the rolling amplitude and the rolling period,indicating a complex variation under different conditions.The accumulation time initially increased but then decreased,as the rolling amplitude and period increased.Specifically,the minimal impact on the self-cleaning performance was achieved,when the rolling period and amplitude were set to 8 s and 1°,respectively.The particles accumulation was nearly identical to the static case.Once the rolling period was reduced to 4 s and the amplit

关 键 词：养殖工船 进水方式 横摇工况 流场分布 污物汇集 循环水养殖 

分 类 号：S238[农业科学—农业机械化工程]